Themes Of Jean's Philosophy - Paul Sartre

JEAN PAUL SARTRE (1905 – 1980) Jean-Paul Sartre was born on June 21, 1905, in Paris, France. When Sartre's father died in 1906, Sartre and his mother lived with his mother's father, Karl Schweitzer, a respected philosophical and religious man. His grandfather's religious figure proved to be at odds with Sartre, and although he disliked his grandfather's presence, he was open to being taught by Schweitzer. Sartre studied philosophy at the prestigious university Ecole Superieure Normale in 1924, and in 1928, he met classmates: and lifelong friend Simone de Beauvoir (who would go on to write the second sex, winich is considered one of the most important feminist manuscripts ever created). After graduating, Sartre joined the armed forces and later took a teaching job in France. In 1933, Sartre moved to Berlin to study philosophy with Edmund Husserl, and while in Berlin, he also got to know Martin Heidegger. The work of these two men would have a profound impact on Sartre's own philosophy, and in 1938, Sartre's philosophical novel, Nausec, was published. In 1939, at the beginning of World War II, Sartre was drafted into the French army. In 1940, Sartre was captured by the Germans and held as a prisoner of war for nine months. During the tine, Sartre wrote his most famous work of existence, being and non-existence. Sartre returned to Paris in 1941, and two years later, Becoming and Absence was published, boosting Sartre's fame in the public eye and establishing him as a key intellectual of the post-war era. Sartre later became editor for the journal Les Temps Modernes, where he continued to write and hone his philosophy, focusing on the political and social world of the time and becoming a political activist. Sartre remained committed to political activism for the rest of his life. Sartre, a socialist who staunchly supported the Soviet Union during the Cold War (although he was critical of the totalitarianism highlighted in sovietism), met with Fidel Castro and Che Guevara to support Marxism, opposed the Vietnam war, and was notorious for being an outspoken critic of the French occupation of Algeria. Sartre is a prolific writer. In 1964, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, which he declined (making him the first person ever to do so), claiming that no writer should be able to exchange ideas and that cultures from the east and west should be able to exchange ideas without the help of the institution throughout his extensive literary career, he wrote philosophical ooks, films, and games. THEMES OF JEAN'S PHILOSOPHY - PAUL SARTRE While his foray into political activism began his later life, his first work in existentialism is considered to be the most profound philosophical work ever produced. Understanding Yourself Sartre believed that everyone is "being for himself" who has self-awareness. According to Sartre, people don't have important traits. Instead, they have selfawareness and self-awareness, and this can always be changed. If a person believes that his position in society is determined by his own feelings or that his views cannot be changed, he deceives himself. Telling someone "that's how I am" is also deceiving yourself According to Sartre, self-actualization, the process of making something out of what a person has already done, is always possible. To do that, one must recognize what Sartre calls "factiities" – relities that arise outside of the individual acting on him. One must also understand that he has consciousness that exists regardless of that reality. Sartre believes that the only type of point of view that is truly authentic is to understand it. While an individual is responsible for his or her consciousness, selfawareness will never be synonymous with true self-awareness. 'Becoming Himself' and 'Being Sartre', There are two types of creatures: . En-soi (bing-in-itself): an object that has a single clear and complete core; However, they are not aware of the full essence or themselves. For example, rocks, birds, and trees. . Pour-soi (leing-for-one) : things defined by the fact that they have consciousness, and are aware that they exist (like humans), and are also aware that they do not have the complete essence associated with en-soi The Role of Others Sartre said that a person (or one-for-one) is only aware of his own existence when he sees another being watching him. Thus, people become aware of their identity only when seen by others who also have consciousness. Thus, a person only understands himself in relation to others. Sartre goes on with ciaim meeting the "other" can be difficult at first because one may think that the other is aware of his objectivity with respect to appearance, type, and essence (even if it is imagined). As a result, one may then insist on viewing others as simple and definable objects that devoid of any individual consciousness. According to Sartre, it is from the idea of other hats that we see things like racism, sexism, and colonialism. Responsibility Sartre believed that all individuals have important freedoms and that people are responsible for their actions, their consciousness. And all aspects of themselves. Even if a person does not want to be the neld in charge of him, according to Sartre, it is a decision based on consciousness, and he is responsible for the consequences of his inactivity. Based on this concept, Sartre explained that ethics and morals are subjective and related to a person's conscience. Therefore, there can never be universal ethics or morality of any kind. Freedom As he began to focus more on political issues that tended to lead to politics, Sartre examined how individual consciousness and freedom fit within social structures such as racism, colonialism, sexism, and capitalist exploitation. He said that the structure does not recognize individual consciousness and freedom, and instead, the person is realized. Sartre believes people have always been freeno matter how objective the individual is, the fact that freedom and awareness exist means that the individual still has the ability to make things appen. For Sartre, the inherent freedom of consciousness is both a gift and a curse. While freedom can allow a person to make changes and shape his or her life, there are also responsibilities that come with it.