Philosophy Of Humor

PHILOSOPHY OF HUMOR When philosophers look at humor, they seek to explain how it is funny, how it inhibits or enhances human relationships, and what makes it funny. Traditionally, many philosophers looked down on humor, and Plato even referred to laughter as an emotion that interferes with rational self-control ore. Plato called the laughing mali cious, and described comedy as a kind of ridicule. In Plato's ideal state, humor is difficult to control; Guardian classes should avoid laughing; And no "comedy composer" should make citizens laugh. Plato's objections to humor and laughter were passed on to Christian thinkers and, later, to European philosophers. In the Bible, laughter is often cited as a source of hostility, and in monasteries, laughter is cursed. As it was expected to change in the Middle Ages, the view of humor remained the same. The purists looked down on humor and laighter, and when they came to rule England in the seventeenth century, comedy was completely banned. HUMOR THEORY This idea of comedy and laughter is also found in western philosophical works. In Leviathan Thomas Hobbes, Hobbes calls human beings competitive and individualistic, and says that by laughing, we express excellence through grimaces. Similarly, in the lust of the soul of Descartes, laughter is considered laughter Statements of ridicule and ridicule. The following are some schools thinking about humor. Theory of Excellence From the work of Hobbes and Descartes emerged the theory of superiority. According to this theory, when a person laughs, he expresses a feeling of superiority. This feeling can be expressed over another person or even over someone's previous circumstances. This philosophical theory was the dominant one until the eighteenth century, when the philosopher Francis Hutcheson criticized the ideas of Thomas Hobbes. Hutcheson claimed that the feeling of superiority is not enough nor does it need an explanation of laughter and that there are cases when a person laughs where the feeling of glory or comparing oneself does not exist. For example, we can laugh if we say words that seem odo In the case of other humor, we see the point that Hutcheson made. When we watched Charlie Chaplin, we laughed at the very clever stunts he performed. Laughing at the action of this fight doesn't require one to compare himself to Chaplin, and even if one doesn't compare himself, he doesn't laugh because he believes he is superior. People also have the ability to laugh at themselves without laughing at themselves before, which cannot be explained by the theory of superiority. If a person searches for his glasses only to find that he has been wearing them all the time, this is a reason to laugh. However, this type of laughter does not fit the model established by the theory of superiority. The Relief Theory One theory that emerged during the eighteenth century that undermined the theory of excellence is known as the theory of help. He laughs at the theory of resonant rescue behaving in the nervous system like a preseure relief valve – in working in a steam boiler! The theory of first aid appeared in 1709 in Lord Shaftesbury's essay on freedom and intelligence, and became famous because Humor was first discussed as a sense of Humor. During this period, scientists understood that the brain has nerves that connect it to muscles and organs of taste. Regardless of how scientists believe that nerves carry fluids and gases, such as blood and air, which they call "animal spirits". In an essay on freedom and the intelligence of Humor, Shaftesbury claims the spirit of this beast builds up pressure in the nerves, and that the iaughter is responsible for annihilating the spirit of the beast. As science advances and the biology of the nervous system becomes clearer, theories of help are adapted. According to philosopher Herbert Spencer, emotions actually take a physical form in the body, and this is known as neural energy. Spencer says that nervous energy leads to muscle movement. For example, the additional energy from anger creates small movements (such as clenching your fists), and as the anger increases, so do the muscles that move (such as punching). So, nerve energy builds up and is then released. According to Spencer, laughter also releases nervous energy. However, Spencer identified one major difference between the release of neural energy from laughter versus cther's emotion: the muscle movements caused by laughter are not the initial stage of larger actions. Laughter, unlike emotions, does not revolve around motivation to do something. The body movements related to laughter are simply releasing pent-up nervous energy. Spencer then went on to claim that the nervous energy that releases laughter is inappropriate anger energy. For example, if you're reading a story that starts with anger but then ends with a joke, the anger from the beginning needs to be re-evaluated. So that nervous energy no longer applies. Then it was released in the form of laughter. Perhaps the most famous version of the theory of aid is Sigmund Freud. He views three different types of situations that are intended to generate laughter to release nervous energy into psychological activities: "jokes," "comics," and "humor" according to Freud, injoking (the telling of joke and funny jokes). Unnecessary energy suppresses feelings; In comics (for example, laughing at clowns), unnecessary energy is energy devoted to thinking (a large amount of energy is necessary to understand the clown's awkward movements, while a small amount of energy is necessary for us to perform our own movements smoothly, thus creating an excess of energy); And in hunor, the release of energy is the same as the release described by Herbert Spencer (an emotion becomes prepared, then never used and needs to be forgotten). Theory that does not fit The second challenge to the theory of superiority, vhich also emerged in the eighteenth century, is the theory of non-congruity. According to this theory, laughter is caused by the perception of something strange, which means violating our expectations and mental patterns. This is currently the dominant theory that explains humor; This field has been supported by influential philosophers and psychologists, including Soren Kierkegaard, Immanuel Kant. And Arthur Schopenhauer (even implied by Aristotle). James Beattie, the first philosopher to use a non-conglomerate term when referring to the philosophy of humor, stated that laughter is caused by the mind noticing the state of two or more odd ones that come together in one intricate assembly. Kant, who has never used the term uncongruous tie, examines how the toy joker witi; One hope. For Kant. The jokes (for example, a setup followed by a punch) awaken, shift, and then dissipate a person's mind. Kant observed in the impulse of ideas then creates a physical impulse from one's internal organs, and this, in turn, is a pleasurable physical stimulus after Kant's work, Arthur Schopennauer,Schopenhauer claims humor is the result of suddenly realizing the incompatibility between the concept of something and the perception of something that must be the same. With the development of the theory of incongruity throughout the twentieth century, an old version of the flaw has been found to imply that, with regard to humor, the perception of incongruity is sufficient. This cannot happen, because instead of pleasure, theoretically people can theoretically feel anger, disgust or fear, for example. Therefore, humorous entertainment is not just about responding to something odd; It enjoys it. Nervous Energy? Although there is a link between laughter and muscle, no rat expert has explained humor as releasing nervous energy. One of the most recent forms of disfellowshipping, coined by Michael Clark, states that first catching something becomes strange; Then people happily perceive it; And then one enjoys non-congruity. This inconsistency is enjoyed only for itself (or at least some of them). These theories are more suitable for explaining humor than the theories of relief and excellence, since they are all suitable for all types of humor.