University:
Baylor University
Course:
PSY 1305 | Introductory Psychology
Academic year:

2019
Views:

300

Pages:

2
Author:

elcopihuesn

The Science of Human Development Defining Development - The science of human development seeks to understand how and why people of all ages an circumstances change or remain the same over time - Growth is: ○ Multidirectional ○ Multicontextual ○ Multicultural ○ Multidisciplinary ○ Plastic The Scientific Method: a way to answer questions using empirical research and data-based conclusions - Begin with curiosity: pose a question - Develop a hypothesis: shape the question into a hypothesis, a specific prediction to be examined - Test the hypothesis: design and conduct research to gather empirical evidence (data) - Analyze the evidence gathered in research: conclude whether the hypothesis is supported or not - Report the results: share the data, conclusions, and alternative explanations - Replication: repeating procedures and methods of a study with different participants Using the Scientific Method - Scientific observation ○ Requires the researcher to record behavior systematically and objectively ○ May be done in a naturalistic setting such as a home school, or other public area ○ May be done in a laboratory - Statistical measures often used to analyze research results ○ Effect size ○ Significance ○ Cost-benefit analysis ○ Odds ratio ○ Factor analysis ○ Meta-analysis relationship between two variables Independent variables: variable that is introduced to see what effect it has on the dependen variable - Dependent variable: variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition or situation the experimenter adds - Experimental group: subjected to the particular treatment or condition (the independent variable) - Comparison group: (also called a control group) does not receive the experimental group treatment - The survey ○ Involves collection of information from a large number of people ○ Presents challenges in acquiring valid information ○ Produces answers that are influenced by the wording and the sequence of the survey questions 3 research methods - Observation ○ Requires researchers to record behavior systematically and objectively ○ Can occur in a naturalistic setting (home) or a laboratory (with web cams) - Experiment ○ Establishes what causes what ○ Experimenters manipulate an independent variable, which is the imposed treatment special condition ○ Scientists note whether the independent variable affects whatever they are studying, called the dependent variable - Survey ○ Information is collected from a large number of people by interview, questionnaire, o some other means ○ Quick, direct way to obtain data ○ Not always accurate because people lie or change their minds - Nature - Nurture Debate - Nature: general term for the traits, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his or her parents at the moment of conception - Nurture: general term for all of the environmental influences that affect development after an individual is conceived ○ Refers to environmental influences: health and diet of mother, family, school, community, society - Nature always affects nurture, and then nurture affects nature - Differential susceptibility: sensitivity to any particular experience differs from one person to another because of the particular genes each person has inherited, or what happened to tha person years earlier

The Science of Human Development Lecture

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