1. Main macro molecules There are many organic and inorganic compounds contained in cells variety. The presence of these compounds in cells is not always the case. This means that the compound is a component of Sehacian cells. These compounds are raw materials for compound synthesis others or used in the metabolism of the plants it receives from neighboring cells or received from vascular tissue. Compounds These raw materials are generally simple inorganic compounds with heavy weight small molecules. 2. Carbohydrates Cartohydrates are composed of 3 types of elements, namely katvo idrogem, and oxygen. The general formula for carbohydrates is (CHO Danar-Basis Ficiclozi Growth Examples of carbohydrate compounds are sugar, starch and cellulose. Unit The smallest unit that makes up every carbohydrate is a monosaccharide or so-called as a simple sugar that only contains 3 to 7 carbon atoms. 3. Lipids Like carbohydrates, lipids are also composed of carbon atoms, hydrogen, and oxygen, but fat always has a portion of hydrogen atoms more than in carbohydrate molecules. Apart from that, for units the same weight, the energy contained in the lipid molecule is more than 2 times that contained in carbohydrates. Fats are synthesized from glycerol and fatty acids. In cells, glycerol is synthesized from glucose. The simplest fatty acid is acetic acid. Group carboxyl (-COOH) is a characteristic of organic acid molecules. By In general, fatty acids are given the symbol R-COOH, where R is the a variety of fatty acids. Types of fatty acids that are widely contained in plant. 4. Proteins Protein molecules are larger than carbohydrates and lipids. Protein molecules consist of thousands of atoms. The basic unit of protein is an amino acid. Each molecule contains at least amino acids carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and sometimes also contain sulfur. Protein synthesis is the process of combining amino acids thus forming a long chain. This chain of amino acids is called polypeptide. 5. Nucleic Acids Nacleic acid consists of 2 types, namely acid (RNA) and acid deoxyribonucleate (DNA). Each of them is composed of molecules called nucleotides. Nucleotides are formed from phosphoric acid, pentose sugar, and compounds purine bases (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidine bases (thimine and cytosine). RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugar, while DNA nucleotides contains deoxyribose sugar which has one less oxygen atom compared to ribose. RNA is found in all parts of the cell, where RNA plays a role in protein synthesis, while DNA is only found in the cell nucleus. DNA is the main part of chromosomes. Chloroplast Structure and Function Chloroplasts are plastids that contain green pigment called chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane, where the membrane The inside (internal) is not folded like the internal membrane on mitochondria. In the internal membrane of chloroplasts there are photosynthetic pigments. Pigment in many found on the outer surface of the internal membrane called Thylakoid which is round and flat like a bag, vital function of Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis takes place. Structure and Function of Mitochondria Each living plant cell contains about 20 mitochondria. In plant cells mitochondria are found in various shapes and sizes varied, can be round or elongated with a diameter of 0.5-1.0 micro meters and the length is 1-4 micro meters. Mitochondrial function is maintained concentration of calcium ions in various cell compartments. Other cell organelles Ribosomes are often found in cells, some are attached to the membrane endoplasmic reticulum, some are free in the cell cytoplasm, and there are attached to the outer surface of the cell nuclear membrane, the diameter of the ribosome between 15-25 nm. Ribosomes often stick together to form chains call them polyribosomes or polysomes. The function of ribosomes is in protein synthesis. Small ribosomes are found in mitochondria and chloroplasts, small ribosomes plays a role in synthesizing proteins in this organelle, but not all proteins in These organelles are the result of synthesis on small ribosomes.