PRACTICUM II GERMINATION AND DORMANCY A. Goals 1. Measuring germination speed and germination ability 2. See the effect of light on germination 3. Look at various treatments (mechanical and chemical) to break dormancy in seeds with hard testa B. Introduction Seed germination is a term to indicate the processes that start from radicle (root) which will be more (stem) which is more hydration (imbibition of water) by dry seeds and ends when part of the embryo penetrates the seed coat. In general, it first penetrates the seed coat, but in some plants, plumula formerly. Embryo growth in many seeds can be controlled by placing the seeds in a suitable environment. The main environmental factors needed are water and air, because dry seeds have a low metabolic rate ; temperature suitable, free from high concentrations of inorganic salts, and free from substances inhibitor (retardant), and some types of seeds require light treatment. In summary, the metabolic process of germination is: (1) Increasing rate respiration when water absorption occurs, (2) The breakdown of reserve materials in the seeds occurs, this reaction is also initiated by protein hydration, resulting in transport of the breakdown products from one part to another; (3) Synthesis of new materials from the results of the breakdown. Some types of seeds have testa that are hard and impermeable to water (impermeable), causing the seeds to be dormant, making it difficult and time consuming It takes a long time to germinate despite the environmental factors required for it germination has been achieved. Efforts to break dormancy can, among other things, be done mechanically, or by using certain chemical compounds such as giving Gibberelin, Kinetin, concentrated Sulfuric Acid etc., so that water can enter the seeds. C. MEASURING THE SPEED AND ABILITY OF GERMINATION Tools and materials 1. Petri dish 2. Blot paper/cotton and water 3. Chili Seeds (Capsicum annum) 200 items Ways of working 1. Select the seeds by soaking the seeds in water, then select 200 good item. 2. Line the base of the petri dish with blotting paper/cotton and add water to keep it moist. 3. Into each petri dish, place 50 chili seeds. 4. Place petri 1 and 2 in a dark place and petri 3 and 4 in a bright place 5. Observe the number of seeds that germinate during the second week place 6. Pay attention to the number of seeds that germinate on the fourth and seventh days, and observe them too morphological condition of plants in both places 7. Calculate the % (percentage) of germination of the seeds D. EFFECT OF VARIOUS TREATMENTS ON THE BREAKING OF DORMANCY IN SEEDS Tools and materials 1. Saga seeds (Abrus precatorium), Lamtoro (Laucaena glauca), or other hard seeds. 2. Concentrated H2SO4 solution . 3. Petri dishes, heating tools, abrasive tools (iron sandpaper) Ways of working 1. Provide one of the seeds above in the amount of 50 seeds, divide them into 5 groups (each group 10 seeds). 2. Group I had part of the seed coat (testa) removed where it was missing institution using iron sandpaper. 3. Group II was soaked in boiling water for 1 hour. 4. Group III was soaked in concentrated H2SO4 for 10 minutes, then washed in water flow. 5. Group IV was soaked in concentrated H2SO4 for 15 minutes, then washed in water flow. 6. Group V without treatment (control). 7. Each group was then germinated in a lined Petri dish cotton / wet blotting paper. 8. Observe for 2 weeks and maintain humidity. 9. Observe the changes that occur and record the number of seeds that germinate. Calculate the % germination.