Genetics and Cell Cycle Exam 41 Questions

This exam consists of 32 multiple choice questions (2 Points each), 4 Standard Short Answer Questions (4 Points Each), and 5 Punnett Square Questions (4 points each). You may skip ONE of the short answer questions and ONE of the Punnett Square Questions by marking them as freebies. 1) Which of these proteins is key in controlling how the cell cycle progresses? a) Creatine Kinase b) Cyclins c) Keratin d) Lactate Dehydrogenase 2) The genetic law that states that the state shown for one trait does not influence how another trait is expressed is the: a) Law of Independent Assortment b) Law of Dominance c) Law of Segregation d) Law of the Land d) 4 6) The actual expressed traits of an organism that can be observed are its: a) Genotype b) Haplotype c) Crankitype d) Phenotype 7) Polyploid fruits are often ______ Than Diploid Fruits a) Seedier b) Smaller c) Larger d) Angrier 3) A variant of a given gene that can cause an alternate phenotype is a(n): 8) A mutation that causes a stop codon to appear where it shouldn't be is a _____ Mutation a) Locus b) Switch c) Lock d) Allele a) Silent b) Nonsense c) Conservative d) Non-Conservative 4) The collection of genes/alleles within an organism is its: 9) Two sister chromatids have: a) Phenotype b) Fuzzitype c) Haplotype d) Genotype a) The same loci, but different alleles b) The same alleles, but different loci c) The exact same loci and alleles d) Zero genes 5) Mitosis results in the formation of _______ daughter cells. 10) The kinetochore connecting sister chromatids is broken down during ______ in mitosis. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Anaphase d) Telophase 11) Which of the following statements about animal reproduction is true? a) All animals reproduce sexually b) All animals reproduce asexually c) Some animals reproduce sexually while some reproduce asexually d) Animals never reproduce 12) The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is the: a) Allele b) Locus c) Slot d) Coordinate 13) During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate during: a) Prophase 1 b) Anaphase 1 c) Metaphase 2 d) Prophase 2 14) The genetics law that the phenotype coded for by one allele can mask the phenotype coded for by the other is the: a) Law of Independent Assortment b) Law of Dominance c) Law of Segregation d) Law of Dredd 15) The resultant daughter cells following mitosis in humans are: a) Haploid b) Diploid c) Polyploid d) Tetraploid 16) A situation in which there are three homologues for a given chromosome, but two for the rest, is: a) Triploidy b) Polyploidy c) Diploidy d) Somy 17) UV light falls into what class of mutagens? a) Physical b) Bacterial c) Biological d) Viral 18) In mitosis, chromosome condensing occurs during: a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Anaphase d) Telophase 19) Meiosis results in the formation of _____ daughter cells. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 20) In humans, if a disease is caused by a gene on chromosome 12, it is considered: a) X-Linked b) Y-Linked c) Autosomal d) Heterosomal 21) The actual splitting of two cells at the conclusion of mitosis is: a) Anaphase b) Split Phase c) Metaphase d) Cytokinesis 22) The collection of all the physical chromosomes in a cell is the: 27) Which of these mutation types can lead to frameshifts? a) Phenotype b) Screamotype c) Allelotype d) Karyotype a) Insertion b) Deletion c) Both d) Neither 23) The joining and intertwining of two homologous chromosomes during meiosis I forms a: 28) A mutation in which a single nucleotide is swapped out for another is a: a) Cross b) Chromatid c) Histone d) Bivalent a) Insertion b) Deletion c) Point Mutation d) Frameshift 24) A trait that is dictated by the genotype, rather than the environment, is considered: 29) During metaphase in mitosis, how many spindle fibers are attached to each chromosome? a) Information b) Combustible c) Digestible d) Heritable a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 25) The law that states that alleles on a locus on two homologous chromosomes separate, with each gamete receiving one, is the: 30) A situation in which both alleles for a trait are expressed fully in a heterozygote is: a) Law of Independent Assortment b) Law of Dominance c) Law of Segregation d) Law of Judy 26) Which of these is NOT something that happens during interphase? a) Growth of the Cell b) Synthesis of New DNA c) Replication of Organelles d) Alignment of Chromosomes on metaphase plate a) Standard Dominance b) Incomplete Dominance c) Codominance d) Sad 31) A situation in which the phenotype in a heterozygote ends up as the intermediate between the phenotype for the two alleles is: a) Standard Dominance b) Incomplete Dominance c) Codominance d) Annoying 32) Homologous Chromosomes are: a) Genetically Identical b) Genetically similar, but not identical c) Not similar at all d) Very big Regular Short Answer Questions (4 Points each) – You may freebie ONE of these. 33) What advantages does doing meiosis provide for an organism, compared to something like bacteria that divides asexually into two identical cells? 34) What is a possible consequence of a mutation in checkpoint protein genes, and why? 35) Are genetic diseases more likely to be caused by dominant or recessive alleles? Why? 36) Why are plants far more likely to naturally produce polyploids, as compared to animals? Punnett Square Questions – 4 Points each. For each question, SHOW YOUR WORK BY SHOWING THE PUNNETT SQUARE YOU MADE, failure to do so (even if you have the correct final answer) will result in a loss of points. Read each question carefully! You may freebie ONE of these. 37) Let's say gene A codes for flower color in roses, and shows standard (regular) dominance, with red dominant over white. If a heterozygote is crossed with a white flower, what percentage of the offspring will be red? White? Pink? 38) Let's say gene B controls fur color in mice, with a pattern of incomplete dominance where Black is dominant over White. If two gray mice are bred, what percentage of the offspring will be black? Gray? White? 39) Let's say Steve, who is homozygous Blood type B, marries Peggy, who is heterozygous blood type A. They have a daughter, Sharon. What is Sharon's likelihood of being type A? Type AB? Type B? Type O? 40) Hemophilia is an X-Linked, recessive genetic disease. Peter has hemophilia, and marries Gwen, who is a carrier for hemophilia. They have a son (Tom) and a daughter (Olivia). For both Tom and Olivia, give the probability of having hemophilia, being an unaffected carrier for hemophilia, and being totally unaffected with no hemophilia alleles (you should provide six probabilities for this one; three for Tom and three for Olivia). 41) I am crossing two plants, which have two genes of interest each. Gene A controls seed shape, with long dominant over short. Gene B controls seed color, with green dominant over yellow. There is no codominance or incomplete dominance – both genes are standard in their dominance pattern. If I cross one plant that is heterozygous for both genes with another that is homozygous recessive for seed shape but heterozygous for seed color, what proportion of the offspring will have a given combination of traits (long/green, long/yellow, short/green, short/yellow)?