University:
Boston University
Course:
CAS CS 200 | Computer Science Workshops
Academic year:

2024
Views:

173

Pages:

2
Author:

Skye S.

Stress disrupts homeostasis, which is the maintenance of a stable environment in the body. It can be either positive (eustress) or negative (distress), and can be triggered by psychological, physical, or physiological stimuli. Chronic stress has been linked to various health issues such as diminished immunity, cancer, heart disease, and depression. Bullet points Spread and Metastasis: ● ● Tumor cells can spread through vascular and lymphatic pathways Different cancers have selectivity for specific organs (e.g., breast cancer tends to spread to bones, lymphomas to the spleen) Clinical Manifestations: ● ● ● ● ● Early stages of malignancy may not cause pain Fatigue is a common symptom, influenced by various factors Cachexia syndrome includes anorexia, weight loss, altered protein and lipid metabolism Anemia and blood-related complications can occur Gastrointestinal and skin manifestations can occur, including oral ulcers and hair loss Diagnosis and Staging: ● ● ● Diagnostic testing includes biopsy and cancer staging The TNM system (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) is used for staging Tumor markers can be used to screen, diagnose, and observe the clinical course of cancer Tumor classification and analysis ● ● ● Tumors are classified based on immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression for improved treatment Supplemented by a more extensive genetic analysis of the tumors Enhanced molecular characterization subdivides cancers into therapeutically and prognostically relevant smaller groups Breast cancer treatment options ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Cancer Treatment: Surgery, Chemotherapy To prevent cancer (colon polyps): Takes advantage of specific vulnerabilities in target cancer cells Lymph node sampling Usually given in combinations Palliative surgery designed to attack a cancer from many different weaknesses at the same time Types of chemotherapy: Induction chemotherapy, Adjuvant chemotherapy, Neoadjuvant therapy Ionizing radiation damages the cancer cell's DNA Block angiogenesis, Affect cell metabolism, Induce apoptosis, Neutralize cytokines/chemokines Immunotherapy types for cancer ● ● ● Immunotherapy for cancer uses the body's immune system to find and destroy cancerous cells Types of immunotherapy: Checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T-Cell therapy, Cancer vaccines, Monoclonal antibodies, Immune system modulators Specific cancers treated with immunotherapy: Bladder, cervical, colorectal, kidney, triple negative breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, prostate, melanoma, multiple myeloma, non-small cell lung, ovarian