University:
Boston University
Course:
CAS CS 200 | Computer Science Workshops
Academic year:

2024
Views:

485

Pages:

3
Author:

Skye S.

Stress disrupts homeostasis, which is the maintenance of a stable environment in the body. It can be either positive (eustress) or negative (distress), and can be triggered by psychological, physical, or physiological stimuli. Chronic stress has been linked to various health issues such as diminished immunity, cancer, heart disease, and depression. Bullet points General Adaptation Syndrome ● ● ● Stage 1: Alarm Stage Stage 2: Resistance Stage Stage 3: Exhaustion Stage (Compensation) (Coping) (Decompensation) Neurologic response Endocrine response Allostatic overload Stress response onset Coping VS. not coping Stress-related illness develops Fight-or-flight reaction Stress response intensifying Catecholamines & Hormones released cortisol released Introduction to Cancer Biology ● ● ● ● ● Prototypes & Concepts Cancer Clinical manifestations of cancer Benign VS malignant Staging Differentiation TNM System Cellular senescence Types of cancer therapy Cellular immortality Prevention Angiogenesis Warburg Effect Metastasis Cancer Diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade other tissues Derived from Greek word for crab, karkinoma Tumor Also referred to as a neoplasm-new growth Benign vs. Malignant Tumors ● ● Benign Growth: Slow, Encapsulated, Well-defined capsule Malignant Growth: Rapid, Not encapsulated (confined to 1 location), Invasive Differentiated vs. Poorly differentiated ● ● Benign Tumors: Well differentiated Malignant Tumors: Poorly differentiated (maintains cellular identity) Metastasize: Do not metastasize, Can spread distantly (spreading thru the body) (metastasis) Classification and Nomenclature ● ● ● ● Benign tumors: Named according to the tissues they arise from Malignant tumors: Named according to the tissues they arise from Carcinoma: Epithelial tissue, Includes the suffix "-oma" Adenocarcinoma: From ductal or glandular Tissue classifications ● ● ● Meningioma: Sarcoma of mesenchymal tissue Lymphoma: Cancer of lymphatic tissue Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming cells Classification and Nomenclature ● ● Carcinoma in situ (CIS): Preinvasive malignant tumors that haven't invaded surrounding tissue Cancer: Invasive malignant growth Biology of Cancer Cells ● ● ● Cancer is predominantly a disease of aging Multiple mutations are required for cancer development Cells undergo clonal proliferation or expansion Mechanisms of Cancer Development ● Proto-oncogenes: Normal genes that, when mutated, promote unregulated cellular growth ● ● Tumor-suppressor genes: Encode proteins that regulate cell growth and division; mutations inactivate these genes Genomic Instability: Increased tendency for mutations during cell life cycle