Overcoming Computer Operating System Problems

OVERCOMING COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM PROBLEMS 1. Explain the difference between BIOS and CMOS in a computer operating system BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is a basic system on a computer that functions as a regulator of the data input and output process on a computer, this program has a role as a regulator of the functions of computer hardware so you could say the BIOS program is a basic program that exists on the computer system. Meanwhile, a driver is software that can connect hardware to a computer. The computer will not turn on if it does not have or is not equipped with a BIOS system. Meanwhile, CMOS itself or Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor is a battery-powered chip (small component) on the motherboard that stores BIOS settings and provides power when the computer is not on. This CMOS technology was patented by Frank Wanlass in 1967. Usually, CMOS is powered by a CR2032 cell battery which is called a CMOS battery. There are several differences between CMOS and BIOS, namely that the BIOS functions to provide instructions known as POST (Power On Self Test), namely commands to initialize and identify system devices such as CPU, RAM, VGA Card, Keyboard and Mouse, Hard disk drive, Optical (CD/DVD) drive and other hardware when the computer starts booting. Meanwhile, CMOS functions to store configuration programs, diagnostic programs and information on the date and time of file creation which will not be lost even if the computer is turned off. Based on the discussion above, there are several differences between CMOS and BIOS, namely that the BIOS functions to provide instructions known as POST (Power On Self Test), namely commands to initialize and identify system devices such as CPU, RAM, VGA Card, Keyboard and Mouse, hard disk drive, optical (CD/DVD) drive and other hardware when the computer starts booting. Meanwhile, CMOS functions to store configuration programs, diagnostic programs and information on the date and time of file creation which will not be lost even if the computer is turned off. 2. Explain system calls in a computer operating system Computers are created to carry out a process that the user desires. Therefore there must be some form of communication between the user and the hardware. This communication occurs in the form of System Calls. System Call is an interface provider for services available with the Operating System. System calls themselves are generally written in C and C++. Basically, System Calls work through the following mechanism: • Step 1 : The process is executed in user mode until System Calls interrupt. • Step 2 : Then, system calls are executed in kernel mode based on priority. • Step 3 : After the system call execution is complete, control returns to user mode., • Step 4 : Execution of the user process continues in Kernel mode. System Call is necessary for application developers because System Call provides operating system services to user programs via the Application Program Interface (API). It provides an interface between processes and the operating system to allow user-level processes to request services from the operating system. System Call is the only entry point to the kernel system. All programs that require resources must use System calls. The main advantage of System Call is simplicity. We don't have to write complicated programs to open or save files to disk, or print documents. We also don't want anything to be compromised in the operating system, such as device drivers or other system components. 3. Explain what must be done so that the computer can work optimally Technology has changed our lives forever in many ways. It has changed our daily lives in various aspects. It has created several benefits to our lives and also disadvantages to our lives. Today we are more dependent on technology that we cannot live a day without mobile phones, social media, etc. Computers are a technology that is very often used today. Computers have become the heart of most people today. When using a computer, disturbances can occur that slow down our performance. So it requires additions to the computer components themselves such as memory, RAM, and others. To make a computer work optimally, the main hardware that needs to be replaced is the processor. By upgrading the processor, our computer's performance is much faster. If the game/application we are using requires high performance and display, we need to add a graphics card/VGA. That is why adding memory or a hard disk does not increase the speed at which the computer works because increasing memory capacity will only increase the capacity for temporary commands which will be passed on to the execution process. Meanwhile, increasing hard disk capacity only increases the capacity of files and applications that we can store, not making the computer faster. Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that the main thing that needs to be replaced is the processor so that the computer can function optimally. By upgrading the processor, our computer runs much faster. If your game/application requires high performance and display, you need to add a graphics/VGA card. Therefore, adding memory or hard disks does not speed up your computer. Increasing the amount of memory only increases the number of temporary commands passed to the executing process. Adding more hard drive space only increases the number of files and applications you can store, but it doesn't make your computer run faster. 4. Explain the function of the processor in a computer The processor is the main component or brain of your laptop/computer. The processor is located right in the middle of the motherboard. The processor has an important function for all computer device operations because all commands start from the processor. The function of the processor in general is to process incoming commands and then issue them in the form of output, namely giving orders. Processor functions are: • Ensure the computer is working properly • Carry out information processes on the computer • Give commands to each computer component • Maintain computer performance • Supports computer specific activities • Process algorithm calculations • Maintain the stability of computer components • Supports specific computer requirements The processor also has several components, namely: a. Control Unit (CU) Controlling traffic & data activity on a personal computer, for example input & output. Activities can be punished without any overlap & carried out regularly. b. Artimatics Logical Unit (ALU) A component that performs arithmetic calculations according to the commands received. Calculations are used so that the personal computer can read instructions correctly. In this component, the processor really does a crucial job in a system. c. Register Unit (RU) This component is a storage device that is smaller than primary memory and has a relatively high access speed. Data that has been processed by the CU & ALU will be stored in this component for later processing again. So increasing processor performance will have a big impact on processor temperature, because the processor or CPU will be forced to produce more performance and will result in the processor temperature getting hot. And if the processor has a hot temperature, it will slow down the computer's performance. 5. Explain what to do when the computer is not working optimally Technology has changed our lives forever in many ways. It has changed our daily lives in various aspects. It has created several benefits to our lives and also disadvantages to our lives. Today we are more dependent on technology that we cannot live a day without mobile phones, social media, etc. Electronic devices such as computers, laptops and cellphones have become a primary need for most people. Computers and laptops are very necessary in terms of their actual use and full functionality. From workers to schoolchildren and students, computers and laptops are the place where you can perform all kinds of tasks. One of the most common problems experienced by computer and laptop users is poor device performance. If you store large amounts of data and continue using it without taking a break, your computer will become heavy and slow. The age of your computer can also cause your computer to slow down. In general, you can avoid a slow computer by matching the installed software to the specifications of the installed hardware. You can also delete unused apps, install antivirus software, and keep your hardware clean. We need to know that if the computer lags, the term is stuck. This can happen if we open a heavy application/software that does not meet our computer's standards. It could be because: • Software takes up too much RAMCPU storage • The computer is not strong enough to play the game, it could be because the CPU is overheating So we have to take it to the nearest repairman.