Vitamin Summary and MCQs

What are Vitamins? • Tiny organic nutrients (not made by body, except D) • Needed in small amounts (mg or mcg) • Help in metabolic reactions (as coenzymes) • Come from food – plants, animals, microbes Tip to Remember: “Vita-min = Vital for life in minute amounts” Types of Vitamins 1. Water-Soluble Vitamins (Not stored; excreted in urine) Sajid Afridi Lecturer SHS Mnemonic: “BC leaves in water” B-complex + C = Water-soluble B-Complex Members (all are coenzymes) Vitamin Mnemonic Code Key Role Deficiency B1 Thiamine = Think “Brain” Nerve function (ATP) Beriberi B2 Riboflavin = “RiboFAD” Energy (FAD) Cracks in lips B3 Niacin = 3 D’s NAD/NADP → energy Pellagra (Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis) B5 Pantothenic acid = “Pan” CoA, Fat metabolism Rare B6 Pyridoxine = Protein Amino acid metabolism Anemia, depression B7 (H) Biotin = Hair/Skin Fatty acid synthesis Hair loss (rare) B9 Folate = Fetus DNA synthesis Anemia, birth defects Vitamin Mnemonic Code Key Role Deficiency Pernicious anemia B12 Cobalamin = CNS/Blood RBCs & Nerves C Ascorbic acid = Collagen Antioxidant, collagen Scurvy Mnemonic: “The Really Nice Professor Bought Five Pretty Flowers, Colored Carefully” = Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Pyridoxine, Folate, Cobalamin, Vitamin C 2. Fat-Soluble Vitamins (Stored in liver & fat) Mnemonic: “ADEK is Fat” Vitamin Function Deficiency A Vision (Retina) Night blindness, Xerophthalmia D Bone + Calcium Rickets, Osteomalacia E Antioxidant Neurological issues K Clotting factor synthesis Bleeding disorders Tip: “A for eyes, D for bones, E for cells, K for clots” Vitamin Deficiency Types (Terms to Know) Term Meaning Avitaminosis Complete lack → disease (e.g. scurvy, beriberi) Hypovitaminosis Low level → skin issues, low immunity Latent deficiency No symptom unless stressed/infection Antivitamins Block vitamin action (e.g., Avidin blocks biotin) Term Meaning Hypervitaminosis Toxic excess (common in fat-soluble vitamins) DRI Terms (Daily Reference Intakes) Term Meaning RDA Meets 98% of people’s need AI Safe amount if RDA unknown EAR Meets needs of 50% people UL Max safe limit (above = toxic) Mnemonic: "RAEU = Recommended, Adequate, Estimated, Upper" Memory Tips 1. Fat-soluble vitamins → Remember ADEK 2. Water-soluble vitamins → All B’s + C 3. Sources: o B1 → whole grains o B12 → meat, eggs (only in animal sources) o C → citrus fruits o A → carrots (beta-carotene) o D → sunlight + dairy o K → leafy greens o E → nuts, seeds 1. Who coined the term "vitamine"? a) Hopkins b) Lind c) Funk d) Eijkman 2. Vitamins are best described as: a) Inorganic macronutrients b) Organic micronutrients c) Structural body components d) Enzymes 3. Which of the following is synthesized in the skin under sunlight? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin K 4. Which vitamin is an antioxidant? a) Vitamin E b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin B1 d) Vitamin K 5. The daily requirement of most vitamins is approximately: a) 10g b) 1g c) 1mg d) 100mg 6. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? a) Vitamin B1 b) Vitamin A c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin B6 7. Which vitamin is stored in fat tissue throughout the body? a) Vitamin K b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin B2 8. What is the role of water-soluble vitamins? a) Stored in liver b) Act as coenzymes c) Absorbed via lymph d) Stored for years 9. Which vitamin deficiency causes beriberi? a) Vitamin B1 b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin A 10. Pellagra is caused due to deficiency of: a) Vitamin B6 b) Vitamin B1 c) Vitamin B3 d) Vitamin B2 11. Deficiency of Vitamin C causes: a) Rickets b) Beriberi c) Scurvy d) Pellagra 12. Which vitamin helps in collagen synthesis? a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin A 13. What is Avitaminosis? a) Complete deficiency of a vitamin b) Excess of vitamin c) Fat absorption defect d) Toxicity of vitamin 14. Which is an example of hypovitaminosis? a) Overdose of vitamin b) Mild deficiency with symptoms c) No symptoms d) Cancer 15. Avidin in raw eggs prevents absorption of which vitamin? a) Biotin b) Thiamine c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin C 16. Thiaminase in raw fish destroys: a) Vitamin B1 b) Vitamin B3 c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin A 17. Which vitamin is also known as Retinol? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin K 18. Night blindness is caused by deficiency of: a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin B2 19. Which vitamin helps in blood clotting? a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin K c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin B6 20. Which vitamin is responsible for calcium absorption? a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin K d) Vitamin B5 21. Which vitamin is most likely to cause hypervitaminosis? a) Vitamin B2 b) Vitamin A c) Vitamin C d) Biotin 22. What does UL stand for in DRI? a) Useful Level b) Upper Limit c) Ultra Limit d) Usage Line 23. Which is NOT a water-soluble vitamin? a) Vitamin B12 b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin D d) Biotin 24. The vitamin with coenzyme FAD is: a) Vitamin B2 b) Vitamin B1 c) Vitamin B6 d) Vitamin B12 25. What is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B1? a) FAD b) TPP c) NAD d) CoA 26. Which vitamin is needed for DNA synthesis? a) Vitamin B6 b) Vitamin B2 c) Folate (B9) d) Biotin 27. Deficiency of B9 (Folate) causes: a) Beriberi b) Megaloblastic anemia c) Scurvy d) Pellagra 28. Pernicious anemia is caused by deficiency of: a) Vitamin B12 b) Vitamin B1 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin E 29. Which vitamin helps in synthesis of neurotransmitters? a) B2 b) B3 c) B6 d) B1 30. Which vitamin helps prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy? a) Folate (B9) b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin B12 d) Vitamin K 31. Vitamin C is primarily found in: a) Citrus fruits b) Meat c) Milk d) Eggs 32. Which of the following is not stored in body fat? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin A d) Vitamin E 33. Latent vitamin deficiency means: a) Complete deficiency b) Hidden until stress appears c) Toxicity d) Overdose without symptoms 34. Which vitamin is associated with epithelial tissue maintenance? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B2 c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin K 35. Rickets is caused by deficiency of: a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin K d) Vitamin B3 36. Which vitamin acts as a methyl donor? a) B2 b) B1 c) B12 d) C 37. Hypervitaminosis is most likely seen with: a) Fat-soluble vitamins b) Water-soluble vitamins c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin B1 38. Vitamin B5 is also called: a) Niacin b) Thiamine c) Pantothenic acid d) Pyridoxine 39. Which vitamin is involved in protein metabolism? a) B2 b) B6 c) C d) D 40. The only vitamin with cobalt in structure is: a) B6 b) B1 c) B12 d) C 41. Water-soluble vitamins are excreted via: a) Liver b) Urine c) Skin d) Sweat 42. Which of the following vitamins is light-sensitive? a) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) b) B1 c) C d) A 43. Vitamin H is another name for: a) B9 b) B6 c) Biotin d) Pantothenic acid 44. Which vitamin deficiency causes cheilitis and glossitis? a) Riboflavin (B2) b) Vitamin C c) Biotin d) Vitamin A 45. Which vitamin deficiency is linked to increased bleeding? a) B12 b) Vitamin K c) Folate d) Vitamin E 46. Which vitamin is most stable to cooking? a) Vitamin C b) B1 c) Vitamin E d) B2 47. Daily Reference Intake (DRI) includes all EXCEPT: a) RDA b) AI c) MDA d) UL 48. Vitamin involved in hormone regulation (steroid synthesis): a) B9 b) Vitamin D c) B6 d) B2 49. Vitamin deficiency seen with raw egg white diet: a) B6 b) Vitamin C c) Biotin d) Vitamin D 50. What is the main function of vitamin B3 (Niacin)? a) CoA synthesis b) NAD/NADP for energy c) Neurotransmitter synthesis d) RBC formation Let me know how you'd prefer to use them!