Attachment, Identity, and Cognitive Stages Answers

Exam III Review 1. George’s parents only show love and affection when he behaves accordingly. His parents have--Conditional positive regard 2. Basic trust 3. Harlow found that infants have an instinctual need to touch and be touched. This is referred to as--Contact comfort 4. Eighteen-month-old Justin follows his mother around the house, clinging tightly to her when he is frightened. This best illustrates: Attachment behavior 5. According to Piaget, when children begin using words and symbols they enter what stage? preoperational stage 6. Babies who are unable to predict how their parents will react to their cries for care and attention are usually likely to show signs of: Insecure attachment 7. Mary’s parents still love her even though she made a huge mistake by shoplifting. Her parents have--Unconditional positive regard 8. According to Marcia, teens that delay making commitments about important life decisions are experiencing identity--diffusion 9. In Erik Erikson’s theory of personality development, you reach stage 5 in adolescence which is--Identity vs Confusion 10. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother’s tall, narrow glass. Actually, both glasses contain the same amount of soda. This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of: Conservation 11. Foster care that moves a young child through a series of foster families is most likely to result in the disruption of: Attachment 12. The automatic sequential process of development that results from genetic signals--Maturation 13. Infant monkeys raised with a nourishing wire mother and a non nourishing cloth mother: terry cloth mother 14. A student who does not cheat on tests because he fears what his friends will think of him if he gets caught ins in Kohlberg’s _________ stage. Conventional 15. Parents that believe in obedience for its own sake are--Authoritarian 16. According to Piaget, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate--the ability to think hypothetically. 17. Most prenatal influences on humans are genetic or hormonal in origin except for--Teratogens 18. Self-esteem in children is most positively correlated with __________ parenting. AUTHORITATIVE 19. Parents that combine warmth with positive strictness are--authoritative 20. Fred had no meaningful occupational goals and has switched college majors several times. Erikson would have suggested that Fred lacks: Identity 21. Although Adam ventures away from his mother to explore the attractive toys located in the dentist’s waiting room, he periodically returns to her side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of: Secure attachment 22. George’s parents only show love and affection when he behaves accordingly. His parents have--Conditional positive regard 23. Ten-year-old Jenny has been locked in a closet and never been spoken to. She may never develop proper language skills because she may have passed her--Critical period 24. When children begin to think critically, Piaget says they enter what stage? Formal operational stage 25. Vincent’s ability to test hypotheses successfully in his geometry class indicates he is in the formal operational stage of development. 26. This level of moral development is referred to as good girl/boy--conventional 27. In what stage of Erikson’s theory do you develop trust vs. mistrust? Stage 1 28. According to Piaget, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate--the ability to think hypothetically. 29. Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of: Object permanence 30. Joan is going to college to be a nurse despite the fact that she will be expected to begin working at the family business. Marcia would say that Joan’s identity status is---