Medical Thermometry

Medical thermometry The art of taking and recording the body temperature is called medical the momentary Aimi- To measure the body temperature of given subject. Requirements:- Clinical thermometer, cotton, antiseptic solution, Water and Watche Clinical thermometer, clinical thermometer is a Self-registering glass apparatus. The granulations cure marked from 95 to 110° in Fahrenheit Scale and 35° to 40° in Centigrade Scale in its construction, a constricted twist forins the duration of the main bulk with the capillary limb. It prevents the contraction of the merary back to the bulb When the temp. falls The thermometer has a curved Surface aphich acts as a lens and magnifies the width of the mercury and a Heuttened Surface that lessens the danger of breakage from rolling The flat back is Painted white against which the temp Canbe read with ease. To convert the Fahrenheit reacting to centigrade used the formula et is [C=(F-32) X5/9. To convert the Centigrade reading to Fahrenheit formula used is f= (cx91/5+38. Procedure:- The clinical thermometer is sterilized thoroughly With a Poisonous antiseptic Solution Such as 5%. Dettol or rectified Spirit It should be cleaned with Clean Cool water insipid in the presell of the subjects before use. The mercury level should be shaken down before use below 95°F by quick insist movements holding the thermometer are mouth, Axilla, rectum and Vagina] (in in Case of infants and a Comatose Subject), groin in flexed thigh or over Should be placed the abdomen lin Case of infants, The thermometer. in fuch a way that its bulbis completely covered by the tissues in all sides. Skin Should be dry clean and unexposed to the surrounding No fold of clothing interfere the contact of the instruments with the Skin Hot or cold drinks taken prior to the recording Cam alter the temp recorded orally. In the axilla, the bull should be placed in the hdlow and rm is flexed across the Chest So that no ay is trapped in the axilla. In the mouth, the bulb is placed under the tongue and the lips cure firmly closed around the Stem and the Subject is asked to breath through hose Recording oral temp is hut Safe in young Children, mentally retearded or convulsive State or person with delirium: place the thermometer in position. Read and record the temp atter 1 minute Bri Bring clowen the mercury level and again repeat the recording geach each time increasing the duration by halta a minute. ellteration, wash the thermometer The recording odo not show any alteration. after use and place it in a container having a cotton wed pad pland at the beate and filled with antiseptic solution. Discussions- The normal body temp ranges from 36.6° to 37.2°c or 98° to 99°F. (Average is 37°cor 98.6 °F.). The oral teing is 0.5-101°c. higher than the exillary temp I core temp is an accurate index of the temp of the blood to which the hypothalamic thermoregulatory receptors are exposed end it is maintained at a constant level it is recorded in the tympanic membrane, rectum Vagina and oesophagus. It is 0.5 to foc mare. than the oral temp. The hypothalamus regulates the "Heat gain Center' in the office posterior hypothalamus "Heat loss Center' in the - it has 2 Centers budy temp- Anterior mw and hypothalamus. The mechanism cutivated by exposure to cold is. A. The responses which increase the heat production - Shavering hunger, increased Voluntary activity, increased secretion of TSH and miss catecholamine.) B. The thermometer responses which deer cases the heat loss-Culancaus vasoconstriction, Curling up, erection of hair and behavioral charges The mechanism activated by exposure to heat is- A Toth stures pontes, White sponges inthien heat production- Shivering, kauges, responses thermometer increase increase voluntary Retivity, increase Secretion of TSH and miss catechols B. The thermometer responses which decreases the heat loss-Cutamen Vasoconstriction, , curling up, erection of hair and behavioural Charger The mechanism activated by exposure to heat is- A. The responses that increase the heat loss - cutaneous Vasodileri Sweating and incredue respiration. Bo The responses that decrease the Heat production - dexreare BMR, decrease body activity, decreased ISH Secretion and behavioural Changes. Fever or pyrexia refers to an elevated by body temp abure 37° cor 99°F. It is of 3 types - continues, intermittent and remittent Continued fever, does not fluctuate more than 1°c during 24 hours period and at no time touches the normal. Remittent fever-Show fluctuation more than 2e daily and never touches the baseline Intermittent lever- fever present only for several hours and always touch the baseline Sometime during the day and the paroxysms are quotidian, tertian or quarter Hyperpyrexin - is the item sabove 41.6 °cor 106°F. Hypothermia- abnormally low temp of beloub 35°c or 95°F Sub-normal temp-temp below 36.6°C or 98 °F.. Result The body temp of given Subject is...