University:
Camosun College
Course:
BIOL 252 | Pathophysiology for Nursing 1
Academic year:

2024
Views:

163

Pages:

2
Author:

Aysha A.

Insecticide Classification and Malaria Prevention Measures Insecticide Toxicity Levels: Highly Poisonous (Yellow color): Example - Endosulfan Moderately Toxic (Blue color): Example - Malathion Safe for Human Beings (Green color) Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN): Treated with Deltamethrin: Requires re-treatment after 6 months. Long-lasting ITN (LLITN): Requires re-treatment after 3 years. Government distributes LLITN in areas with Annual Parasite Index (API) >5/1000. Maximum diameter of net hole: 0.495 mm Number of holes per square inch: 150 Maximum flight range of Aedes mosquitoes: 100 m No breeding zones should be maintained within 400 m of an airport. Early Detection and Treatment: Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Kit: Histidine Rich Protein (HRP) Kit: Only detects P. falciparum. Optimal Kit (lactate dehydrogenase enzyme): Detects both P. vivax and P. falciparum. Malaria Slide: Used for further confirmation and diagnosis. Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment: Optimal Kit: One Red Line: Negative for Malaria. Two Red Lines: Indicates P. vivax or P. falciparum. Three Red Lines: Indicates both P. vivax and P. falciparum. Malaria Slide Examination: MPW (Multi-purpose Worker) or HW (Health Worker) visits every home in a village once in a fortnight to make blood smears from fever cases. Thick Blood Smear: Detects the presence of plasmodium and quantifies it. Thin Blood Smear: Detects the species of plasmodium. P. vivax: Appears as rugby ball-shaped gametocytes. P. falciparum: Appears as banana-shaped gametocytes. Treatment for Recurring Fever due to P. vivax: Tab Chloroquine: 10 mg/kg stat. 5 mg/kg at 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. For a 600 mg dose: 300 mg at each interval. Primaquine: Contraindicated in pregnancy and infants. Test for G6PD deficiency before administration. Dosage: 0.5 mg/kg/day (Asian) or 30 mg daily for 14 days. Monitor for potential side effects like hemolysis.