University:
Central Arizona College
Course:
AJS225 | Criminology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

93

Pages:

3
Author:

Lucas H.

Criminalisation: Behaviour that was previously acceptable are now regarded as a crime eg: marital rape, corporal punishment Decrimilisation: Behaviour that was previously seen as a crime are classified as acceptable eg: abortion, marrying 'across the colour line' S theoretical approaches to crime: Classical deterrent approach (free will): Criminals are rational and can decide how to behave Positivistie approach: Powers beyond ones control determine behaviour looks for Causes such as biological and genetic predisposition and socio-economic factors such as poverty Interactional approach: concentrate on the actions and reactions of people to other individuals and groups, provides an explanation of why people are labelled as criminals - no action is inherently deviant but becomes deviant when the reactions of others and the State lable it as such Critical approach: new criminology, radical | Marxist perspective uses the broad definition of crime believes that behaviour of individuals who do not have power is more easily Criminalised than the behaviour of individuals who do have power Integrated approach: Based on the view that the best explanation for crime can be given when a combination of two or more theoretical approaches is used. Best elements of certain theories/approaches are used in the development of an integrated theory New developments in Criminology Psycho-criminology: understanding of individual criminal behaviour from a psychological perspective (knowledge obtained from psychology and psychiatry) - Psychological disorders (schizophrenia) develop as a result of internal/external factors that may in some cases be the cause of an individual committing crime other disorders Such as exhibitionism may be both a disorder + crime -A further possibility is that being the victim of a crime could result in abnormal behaviour that could predispose the victim to Become the offender Experimental criminology: conducting experiments about crime, policing, court and correctional processes in everyday life settings or in a lab like environment eg: the researcher can conduct an experiment to determine whether the attendance of a specific annual training program by police officials has an effect on service delivery one group of SAPS will get the training while the other group does not Epidemiological Criminology (Epicrim): Crim-study of crime and criminals Epidemiology: study of the spread of disease and illness. EpiCrimstudy of crime as a disease : the focus is on anything that affects the health of society eg: crime, human trafficking Substance abuse