Reading: Ati Study Manual & Mometrix Text

READING: ATI STUDY MANUAL & MOMETRIX TEXT ● Types of passages ○ Narrative: tell a story that can be fiction or nonfiction ■ Must include: plots, characters, figurative language, and use chronological order ■ Purpose to entertain, inform, and challenge ■ Poetry, anecdotes, or short stories ○ Expository: passage is nonfiction centered around a simple topic. Writer is concerned with clarity and comprehensibility ■ Purpose to inform, explain, and teach. ■ Found in encyclopedias, only uses facts and examples ■ Uses organizing words such as: first, next, for example, & therefore ■ Logical order of least to most important ○ Technical: written to describe a complex order or process, common in medical and technological fields ■ Clear headings and subheadings to look more like an outline ■ Try to use avoid using language the reader would have to research ● Jargon (difficult language) will be hard to avoid ○ Persuasive: a passage that functions to change the mind of readers and agree with the author. ■ Purpose to persuade ■ Likely to appeal to the reader’s emotions and make claims based on the author’s opinions/viewpoints ■ Displays bias ■ Found in newspaper editorials ● Structure of texts ○ Problem-Solution: a problem is introduced and explained before a solution is offered ■ Persuasive type of essay ■ Signal words: the problem, because, so that, this led to, for this reason, a solution, & one reason for. ○ Descriptive: author describes events, ideas, or people to the reader. ■ Contains adjectives and adverbs ■ Informative type of passage ○ Compare and Contrast: the author describes how two things are alike and different ■ Nonfiction ■ Signal words: but, however, on the other hand, instead, & similarly ○ Cause and Effect: ■ Cause is an event or why something happens ■ Effect is the result or what happened ● Writing process 1. Prewriting: writer finds a topic/idea, then the writer builds upon that topic by free writing. Then, the writer creates an outline for the writing that is relevant to the writing prompt 2. Draft: a type of freewriting in which the author doesn’t worry about grammar and punctuation. But the author will use the outline as a guide 3. Revision: First, the author looks at draft and adds information. Second, the author rearranges the text so the flow and events are in logical order. Third, the author removes any unnecessary information. Fourth, the author will replace any weak information with effective text 4. Editing: this is the time to check for spelling and grammar. And the author makes sure that the text flows and keeps reader engaged 5. Publishing: the final step is publishing the text. Posting for a class, printing an advertisement, or sending a finalized letter. ● Theme (Main topic or central idea) ○ A theme is an issue, an idea, or a question raised by the text. ○ The theme is supposed to be an oversimplification of the story’s meaning. ○ Writers from different cultures address similar themes ■ Universal theme of: ● personal growth and the struggle for maturity ● conflict between and individual and society ● hero’s/heroine’s journey ○ Writers from different genres and culture address similar themes but in different ways/approaches: ■ Use of images and allusions ● Symbolism: an image, character, or object that has a deeper meaning ● Motifs: recurring literary structure. Meaningful pattern that reuses objects, characters, and weather ■ Dialectical approach ■ Events and actions ● Purpose (AKA authorial intent) ○ the author writes with a purpose, whether it’s to persuade, inform, or entertain. ○ It's as easy as eating PIE! ■ “P” stands for “persuade.” ● Advertisements use to persuade to make a purchase ■ “I” stands for “inform,” ● Newspapers ■ “E” stands for “Entertain.” ● Written to please the reader (novels, short stories, and poems) ● Inference ○ An inference is a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning ■ Reading between the lines ■ You can use your prior knowledge and textual information to draw conclusions, make critical judgments, of the text ○ When you’re reading, it’s helpful to look for patterns or relationships in the text that might shed greater light on the subject ○ If you don’t understand what a word means, you can infer its meaning from what’s around it in the sentence ● Information from printed communication ○ Memo (Memorandum): an informal note for business purposes written by members of the same organization ■ Contain plan of action and request information of specific topic ○ Public announcement: printed communication informs the public about upcoming events and services ■ Message is short with simple and eye-pleasing design ■ Information is easily accessible with a link ■ Supporting details of the message ○ Classified advertisement: a short, detailed text offering items/services. ■ Print and online newspapers, magazines, blogs, and forums ■ Contains: headline/hook, item/service offered to audience, and call to action on how to receive the service. ● Graphic representation ○ Graphic presentations include bar, pie, and flow charts, graphs, maps, and illustrations ○ Features: titles, subheads, keys/legends, and scales ■ Legend: classifies what each symbol, color, or shape represents ■ Scale: represents the distance between points to actual measurements