TEAS Prep Notes - Digestive System

Digestive SystemSummaryMain OrgansHey HistologyMouthAccessory OrgansheldsLipaseANDSalivary GlandsstarchesTeeth, tongue andSaliva form bolus- parotid By the earnutrient 00 absorptionEsophaguspaistalsismake mucusmuscle contractionLower esophageal- Sublingual under Tonguesphincter- Submandibular under mandidesimplecolumnarhellumMucosaStomach (Low pH)epitCouldvillis microvillcells&white blood cells,Fundus, Body Pylorusincreasesonly fandsurfaceGBGGmast cellsCT- 3 Layers of musclearea- Muscles churninsmall intestiveBlood vesselzSubmucosa.food to formLiver - many functions:Chumeactivates!makes bile- Parietal cells make HCRLIVERlymphaticmodies gweose englycogervessel.LipidPortal66- chief cells make pepsinconverts ammonia to veraDOOSmall Intestine (High PH)beginGall BladdersmoothLong w/ Edds ville increase surface areaproteinbreakdownstores Bile- DuodenumMusclePancreasmuscleBile is secreted here from the gallbladderFibersLayersmakes digestive enzymesagestion of Protein,carbs, fatsNeutralizes the P4 of chymePeritoneum.when anyme enter here, It signais the liversBile duct bring bileb more serous Fluidpuncreas to release their secretions in were 62 for later it to assuredwhichlipids emulsifies carbohydrates & proteinsto prevent Friction(Serosa)Fats- Jejunum major it * nutrientschemicallydigestsPancreastravel throughlymph vessels toabsorbed here.Pancreatic ductthe of- Ileumvitamin B12, Bile salts,Iron,The heart reverand acid absorbed hereOyeslive Enzymesalmost exclusivelyLarge Intestine Reasorbs water, salts a Vit K1. Amylase breaks down rathes & carbson Eatly acids forAppendix Function insuren2. Proteases - enzymes that break downBlood vesselsenergyprotein into amino acidsabsorb nutrients- AscendingHistology3 Lipase- Breaks down Lipids (Fats* Fats are absorbed in- Transverselymphatic vessels- Descending1 Sigmoidremainingwater d salt turns to* when stressed, blood- Rectumcecumwaste to collectvessels supplying the digestive. covered w/ normal florain the vectumslem constrict Enzymesenzymeusually proteins&Uniet cells: occur in the stomach,essential to all body reactionswork best when warmactive sisecureke they bind)repinogenpepsinBest when you have lots of the enzyme + substrateSTUMACHParietal cells HCI productionBiological (orgunic) Catalysts that work best atGoblet cells: micus secretionsoptimum PH or temp.(By HKI)symphatic tissue found in the ileum to protect(PepsinagenPepsin Peyers Patches GI Tract from pathogensDigestive Enzyme Hormonespepsin converts proteins S amino acidsGastrin (stomach): stimulates gastric juicesGherlin (stomach) : induces hungerLeptin (Adipose Tissue): Reduces hungerSmall intestinePancreas - makes:variousTypes of ProteasesSecretin (small inrestine): stimulates secretion by liver & pancreproteases, amylase,lipasepepsin, Tryesin,Cholecystokinin (small intestine): stimulates gallbladder toexc.release bileProteasesuchProteinsAmino acidspepsinogenpapsinInsulin (Pancreas): Decrease blood glucoseEnterokinasestarchy carbohydrates Amylase simple sugarsTrypsinogenTrypsinGlucagon (Pancreas) increase blood glucoseFats/ LipidscipasesFally adds + glycerolenzymePuncrease releases bicartonate insubstrateresponse to acidic chyme fromduodenumLiverDeaminase NH3Amino acidsNH2 enzymes ureareacyseHow the liverconverts Ammoniato area