TEAS Prep Notes - Immune System

mmune System \ Summary"Born ready baby"Im aways ready to learn e, Remembernnate Immune ResponseAdaptive Immune ResponseThese cells are able to immediately act on pathogens.These cells require activationThey do not require activationThey react and respond to specific pathogenQuick to respondForm memory cells to protect from future attacksBorn with itNot specific to individual pathogensslower to respondincludes animadies, B cells & T cellsinclude granulogyles. monocytes d NK allsHelper cells are activated by antigen- -Physical BarriersPresenting cells (macrophages a dendritic ceis)skin contains floratwill stimulatemucous membranesmemory cellsChemical Barriers(memory B.cells)memory&lysozyme breaks bacteria cell wallsTCTBsweat 1200cells.stomach acid laws 20cytoloricB cells10470.tcellsComplementalso calledplasmachemicals that, when triggered form acellsmembrane attack complex" punch holesproducein the cell membrane of pathogensexrectly attackanimadiesInflammationthePathogen bysoit canCytotoxic T cellsYstop doingRed, Hot, swollen. painNawnwhat they-Ywe doing orthe macrophageLeukocytes Involved:gets attraded toLeukocytes Involved:ALLthe pathogen *enguies itmonocytesLeukocytesONGranulocytesare producedPATROL!Neutrophilsmacrophagesin the BuneDendriticmost common.callsmarrow!release bleachT lymphocyteB lymphocyte-phacotizeBut they canwound of cellular debris cells presentingperoxide, clearsAntigenmature elsewherespleen - Blood is filtered . stored +vecycledPhymus - T cells are matured hereBasophils release histamineBlood vesselNatural killer cells0TissueEosinophilsCellFight parasitics- Don't need activation- kill cells w/abnormal surfaceLymphatic VesselrunsikLymphpathogunsAppendixThymusorgan Leukocytes - "white cells"TYPES OF WBCs00Telephone(mast cell inTISSUES)NeutrophilsBasophilsEosinophilsmostRarecommonSecretemediansecretesecretephagocytic peroxide & Bleachallergieshistaminehistamine peroxdekills a variety of cellsinformatorycellsvesselbland,inhibit parasitesH2O into tissuesHelper (CD4) r cellscause leaky capillariescause inflammationActivatecytoniccell(CDD)Natural killer cells (NK cells)TcellsB cellSuppresov-stimulating sick cells to performTcellsmake-Innibit furtherimmune responseDirectlyapoptosis (planned cell suidide), forandDestroySecreteviral-infected or cancer cellsaandaPathogensAntibodiesunusual in that they can activate w/oor infectedAntigen presentationcalswhichGelstick inhibit to: pathogens pathogenicattractedactivityDendritic cellsOenguif tomacrophageSampleSamplesample most thingsbut they love antibody-encrustedpathogensAntigenPresenting cellspresent soadaptive immunitycan begin (T cells, Bcells) Innate Immune DefensesCcompare wl Adaptive immunityBom with it. Baby 11only develop AFTER exposure to a particular pautogenex: 14 a lymphocytesPhysical / External BarriersChemical/Internal BarriersMMMr Hours stay away"OILS containinflammation . when blood vessels becomeLEAKY, bring more fluds & WBCSfaily audsour wax catches &to wound or infection sitehaps patrogensTears: salty,000contain usozymemucus: Traps inhibit: pathogens@ooSaliya: contains lysozymestomach acid:which damages cell wall ofthe bacteriaBlood vose)low pH damagesmust pathogensH2O a wals leave blood vesselsand enter tissuesparietal callsmake HCIAntimicrobialsshort chain Fatty acids and peptidesthat disrupt cell integrity and functionoften made by epithelial cells and WBCSsweat: Salty,contains lysozyme9unbroken skin:Primary Physicaldefensego-Ay-oil keeps it suppleComplementNormal Flora preventGrove of a peptides whenpathogen colonizationsactivated, form a membrane attack/complex. This means it forms a holein the pathosen's membrane andinflammation cause & Phagocytosis are enhancedthat pathogen to lyseconjuctivaRespiratory tractGI tractUrinary Tractmast cells andBasophils releaseNatural killerReproductive TractH2O may lgsehistamine causescells (NK)Healthymucous membranescells of pathogerInflammationAntigen Presenting cellsurineCellularvaginalmacrophages orsecretionsDendritic cellslow PHgocowpltFightersEssinophilsLink w/Adaptive immunityNeutrophils cells could respond to differentantigens on particular pathogenResponse T to nonpamogen Allergy or Autointmentrymost anigensADAPTIVE IMMUNITYare Proteins(3) claper cell doesn't match w/ any of the antigens,lead to nonimmunity for that PathagenPathogens enguled and antigens arepresented to T cellsinflammatorycells(clone of originalmacrophaye eats pathogenhelper tiell)Activated cell dividesrapidly divides to makeEach helper tcal canstimulatetan army of respondersofonly recognize one antigenin the whole world!(Ennance activityof all immensetcellstHelper T cell t HIV Infects these cellsinflammatory(cou)it they are all willed thisNKcan lead to AIOS2 stimulate3.stimulate B cellscytotoriccellsSame antigen recognized people cogTypes of Antibodiesby stimulatedellsmymIgm Primary exposureto a recognized antigen.cells that suppress immuneresponse Regulatory celliscells (CD8)B Lymphocytes rapidly divideProduced by Plasma BActivatedcellscellrapidlydivides!memorymemory B cellsHostT (CD%)cellsIgA: Present in all of(with)MBMBthe mucous membranes/wv25inBBmlgG: Guards the bladdernMBstimulatevival-infectedApoptosis ofgiveorfrom future attacks byORBthe pathogen.Host cellinIgE: specialize in attackingwandparasites and fungalDirectly destroy PathogerDifferentiateinfections. They sometimes(that has the same antigen)into plasma cellhad to allergies.HOAPTIVE immunity ARM CCD8 OF cells)CELL MEDIATEDpumpanyTAntibodies stick to Pathoyentoinhibits the pathoyen's lifestyle/activityFriend32Draws attention of ravenous macrophagesmacrophages love to EngulfAntibody- covered pathagens!Signature CASSey Passive or Active ImmunityPassive: Short-term ProtectionActive: long-casting protectionHust recieves antibacies from another surceoccurs when the host makes antibodies andits own lymphocytes form memory cellsNaturally passive IgG crosses thePlacentaplacenta and entersNaturally Activebaby's bloodstream.Exposure to the pathogenProtect in utero butalso after birthin every day life.* exposure would be via the rate youre bestaduring infancy.responding (e.g. muccus membranes)Exposure to some part of theArtificially Activepathogen in a vaccine.(Naturally PassiveBreast milkcontains all classesSome Vaccine Examples:of antibodies,Yesp. IgALive attenuated (weakened) virusBreast milk hasYYWBCs (all (kinds) andMMR. measles. mumps, rubellasecrete Onemicals to2Interferont get vid at Bad pathogensDeactivated tokins from the pathogenprotect from virusconynebacterium deptherial toxinsome of these chemicals stimulate (train)clustridium tetani toxinthe baby's lymphocyte3Part of the Bacterial cellinterferon signals neuroy cells that aBordatella Pertussis cell pieceforeign pathogen is present and activateStreptococcus Pneumonia cell piecesinnate defenses to those cellsAdjurant Substance that is known to be hyper-irritatingArtificial passiveImmunoglobulin (AKA Antinody)to the immune system - added in an attempt toillucit a more rebust response.Injection(e.g. after tablesexposure)Given during an authorecek /emergency