TEAS Prep Notes - Respiratory System

upper Respiratory TractThe Respiratory SystemDelivers OxygenTonsils: concentration of wotcontain highExpels carbon biosidesinuses lighten skull, linedfight infectionFrontalwith mucous membranesinusIf informed serus pressureEthmordsinusSphenoidsinusesAdenoid tonsils-If charged. it canNasal Passagescause sharing and forPurpose = equalize pressure- associated w/ weight gainsleep agneapalatine tonsils:Eustacianclosest to your paletteTubes lead tomouth cavityLingual tonsils:middle ear(Pathogens can entermusculartongueRevula: blocks foodmiddle ear via thisfrom entering nasalopening)eassagewaysEpigiottis (elastic cartilage)covers larynx, whensurallowing to preventAdam'ssmoking.AppletrustTrachealSNIatcartilages:Esophagis - muscular tubeSignatureHyaline carrilageprotect I hold openTrachea (windspep)tracheaFactors impeding lung Functioncystic Fibrosis: mutation of a proteinvocal cords elongate during puberty,expressed in the respiratory tractcausing a lower voiceSIGNATUREsurfactant Insufficiency: mutation insurfuctant proteins. common in newbornsLaryngitis= inflammation of the LarynxWATHETAsthma inflammation and narrowingpara*If there is an excess of H'ions in the body theof the airwayrespiratory system eliminates CO2Emphysama: Breakdown of alveoliHyperventilationResultstoCO2&blood pitinfluenza: caused by coronavirusHypoventilation: ResultstoCO2&bloodpitTuberculosis: caused by mycobaderiumwalking Pneumonia: infection bymetabolism 2 cellular Respirationmycoplasma bactenaGlucose +OrH2O + *lower Respiratory TractPassage of Air: Please Leave The Breathing Alone(Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Larynx Alveoli> (voice box) "Adam's Apple"Thyroid GlandLungs divided in2 or 3 lobes eachTrachea has hyaline canilageLobe contains severalbronchopumomary segmentsPrimary Bronchi - R& Lseperated by elasticsuccessive Bronchi and Bronchiules have:connective tissuecartilage(stretchy to help lungscillaexpand easily & springsmooth muscleback to small size easily)Pleura cavity:Thin layer of slipperyserous fluld. HoldsParietal pleura- attached TO chestthe 2 layers togetherwall. when chest moves atward& also prevents frictionPuls parietal pleura w/ itwhen lungs arevisceral Pleura: attached to thechanging sizelung tissuePleuritis is inflammationof the Pleura.Diaphragmmusde thatwhen you inhale, lungs detlate when relaxedcilia: lines respiratory tract to keepsurfactant-producing.com cellmucus & particles coming across theAlveolusthat humid& Surface alvesius.epithellal surface,removes patnoyenRespiratorywo in the sureacture, alveous collapses.Bronchiolesimple squamousTerminalepitheliumBronchiolemacrophage fightsO2infectionGas Exchange reliesRespiratoryon diffusionmembers(passive Hansport)alveolus1VEndorhellal cellsCO2Site where gas exchangeThin inRBCdiseaseoccurs!Processes,Each Alveolus has a capillarymay thicken.This impedes diffusion of gasesnext to itO2->capillaryCO2AwedusO2 blood leaves lungsPulm veinsBodyPum AnterylungsCO2 +Oz swapCO2 mechanical ventilationHumans use negative(How lungs inflate & Deflate)pressure BreathingEnd of big inhale, big lungsEnd of exhale, small lungsDiaphragmAlveolia&PleuraDiaphrasma RibsRelax (Restfull passive) breating isDiaphragin contractsRibs push outBIG ethalation also requiresBIG inhalation also requires:muscularAbdominalssternocleidomastoidinternal intercostalsmovementExternal intercostals(Expand rib cage)wnyvolumeAlveotarPressuresmall Atm pressure so air FLOWSlungs have higher pressure OUT thanAtm pressure greater than in lungAir movementpressure so air FLOWS760 mm HgATM Pressure760 mmHg@ resta restIntrapulmonary> 759 mmHg+1761 mmHgpressure-1(Alveolus)ntrapleural4t756 mmHg- -7 753 mmHgPressurepleural cavity)Losethis?Lungscollapse mechanism of ventilation &literswhy volumes6Total lungcapauryInspiratoryReservevolumevital4TidascapacityvolumeExpiratory Reserve2themovanvolumeResidualvolume0Lvny volumesTotal lung capacity Aproximately 6 Liters can be divided into the viral capacity & residual volumeResidual volume: Amount of air that always resides within the lungs and functions to preventlungs collapsevital that can be exchanged through inhalation & exhalation.capacity: Total comprised amount of tidal of air volume, inspiratory reserve volume of expiratory reserve volume.Tidal volume: Amount of air inhaled & exhaved during normal breathingReserve volume additional volume of air that can be inhaled following normal exhalation. inhalationExpiratory Inspiratory Reserve volume additional volume of air that can be exhoved following-normalblood oxygen concentration in the bloodincrease in ventilation rate:blood blood pH. carbon I dioxide concentration in blood, T Proton/BicarborateAdidasisblood carbon dioxide concentration.ProtonBicarbonateDecrease in ventilation rate:Alkalosisblood pH ,blood oxygen concentrationBloud plt is measured by the gain 4 loss of Hydrogenlower PH (acidic)= more H+Higher pH (alkaline) = less H+