General Psychology Ch. 9 Lecture Note

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● The intelligence related to one's overall success in living is practical intelligence When trying to recommend music you would like, your friend asks you what books you like to read. You don't see how this is related to music taste therefore you are questioning the validity of your friend’s question To think rationally, use resources effectively when faced with challenges, and the capacity to understand the world are part of the definition of intelligence The fact that people who were generally good on one type of intelligence test were usually good on others lent support for the belief that there was a general factor for intelligence The intelligence quotient is a measure that takes into account both mental and chronological ages Johann Sebastian Bach was able to take a short melody, suggested by someone, and on-the-spot create a three-part fugue based on the theme. This is an example of Gardner’s musical intelligence Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and regulate emotions The Stanford-Binet test determines the age for which a person’s performance is average or typical. The result is known as mental age Interpersonal, linguistic, musical, and naturalist are all a part of Gardner’s multiple intelligences A norm allows the comparison of your score on a test to the scores of others Heritability is the degree to which genetics play a role in determining characteristics such as intelligence A culture-fair IQ test is one that does not discriminate between people from different backgrounds Factors such as continuous poverty leading to malnutrition or genetic defects may be responsible for familial retardation Social skills, self awareness, and empathy for others are components of emotional intelligence The intellectually gifted are defined as those with IQ scores greater than 130 Reliability means a test is consistent in its measurement According to Sternerg’s theory of intelligence, the ability to succeed in business is an example of practical intelligence On monday when you asked your friend if you should dump the person you’re dating, she said yes. Now on wednesday, she says no. since you asked her twice and got two different answers, in terms of validity and reliability, her advice is not reliable Spatial, logical-mathematical, and bodily kinesthetic are identified as some of Gardner’s eight intelligences Fluid intelligence reflects information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory. Fluid intelligence encompasses the ability to reason abstractly Intelligence tests are designed to quantify a person's level of intelligence The skills that enable the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions are known collectively as emotional intelligence The average age of people who score a particular value on an IQ test is the mental age ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● If every test-taker receives a different, individualized set of questions based on their answers, they are engaged in adaptive testing Participating in a discussion about the causes of poverty and naming the capitol cities of European countries best exemplify the use of crystallized intelligence The single, general factor for mental ability that is assumed to underlie intelligence is g-factor An IQ test with questions based on experiences common to all cultures or with questions that don't require language usage is a culture-fair test Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that reflects a person’s information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory Linguistic, interpersonal, musical, naturalist are all a part of Gardner’s multiple intelligences Someone who is sensitive to the feelings of other people is demonstrating emotional intelligence A test that returns similar scores each time it is administered to an individual is said to be highly reliable Cases of intellectual disability where there isn't a known biological or environmental cause, but a family history of intellectual disability does exist are known as familial intellectual disability Some traits of those who are intellectually gifted are well adjusted and higher than normal IQ The specific type of intelligence that enables one to think through a problem never confronted before and solve it by applying pattern recognition and abstract reasoning is fluid intelligence Watching the time and pacing yourself accordingly and knowing if you are penalized for wrong answers are recommended techniques to do well on standardized tests The intelligence quotient or IQ, was originally calculated by taking a person’s mental age and dividing it by her chronological age then multiplying by 100 With adaptive testing, every test-taker does not receive identical sets of test questions A 5 year old performing at a mental age of 7 would have an intelligence quotient of 140 The accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people learn through experience is crystallized intelligence WAIS is the intelligence test that is administered exclusively to adults People with moderate intellectual disability exhibit developmental deficits early in life and require a moderate amount of supervision throughout their lives Alfred Binet developed the first real tests of intelligence WISC is the intelligence test that is administered exclusively to children Standardized tests are based exclusively on norms Adaptive tests typically are quicker to complete than a non-adaptive test The average person possesses all eight types of Gardner’s intelligence tests ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Intelligence testing can be used to create the optimal education experience for students at both the low and high ends of the intelligence spectrum The greatest issue with IQ scores occur when comparing individuals If a test asks a question “what is the best way to grow soybeans for ethanol”, this is displaying cultural bias Recall that average IQ is 100. Someone with an IQ below 20 displays profound retardation Galton proposed that the size and shape of a person’s head could be used to measure intelligence The average 8 year old gets 30 questions right on an intelligence test, whereas the average 12 year old gets 50 questions right. 12 is the mental age of an 8 year old who gets 50 questions right Stanford-Binet is the standardized test that begins by determining the mental age of the subject and then asks progressively more difficult questions until the subject can no longer answer A question to ask about intelligence is whether hereditary or environment underlie intelligence Scores of 100 on an IQ test are defined as average