Ch 7 Psychology - Memory

Ch7 1. decay theory proposes that memory traces that are not routinely activated in long-term memory will degrade 2. proactive interference forgetting that occurs when older memory traces inhibit the retrieval of newer memory traces 3. retroactive interference forgetting that occurs when newer memory traces inhibit the retrieval of older memory traces 4. cue-dependent forgetting forgetting that occurs when information is not recalled in a context other than the original 5. repression forgetting in which threatening memories are pushed into an inaccessible part of the mind 6. Encoding act of inputting information into memory 7. memory trace stored code that represents a piece of information that has been encoded into memory 8. explicit memory conscious use of stored information 9. implicit memory unconscious use of stored information 10. coding system storage of memories using a visual, acoustic, verbal, or semantic format 11. Chunking combining small bits of information to form larger bits of information 12. maintenance rehearsal repeating information to keep it in short-term memory for extended periods of time 13. forgetting curve graph of the amount of learned information that is forgotten over time 1/3 Ch7 14. elaborative rehearsal forming associations between new information and information already stored in long-term memory 15. levels-of-processing model predicts that elaborately processed information will be best retained and recalled from long-term memory 16. primary effect tendency to recall words from the beginning of a list better than those in the middle 17. recency effect tendency to recall words from the end of a list better than those in the middle 18. working memory accesses, moves, and processes information that we are currently using 19. central executive attention-controlling component of working memory 20. semantic encoding encoding memory traces in terms of the meaning of the information being stored 21. schema organized, generalized knowledge structure in long-term memory 22. declarative memory encompasses experiences that are easily verbalized 23. semantic memory long-term, declarative stored experiences for conceptual information 24. episodic memory stored experiences for the recent events in our lives long-term, stored experiences for skills and behaviors 25. procedural memory 2/3 Ch7 26. retrograde amnesia one is unable to retrieve previously stored memories from long-term memory 27. anterograde amnesia one is unable to store new memories in long-term memory 28. recall type of retrieval process in which the probe or cue does not contain much information 29. recognition type of retrieval process in which the cue contains a great deal of information 30. tip of the tongue phenomenon knowing that you know a piece of information, even though it cannot currently be recalled 31. flashbulb memory unusually detailed and seemingly accurate memory for an emotionally charged event 32. reconstructive memory based on the retrieval of information that contain the actual details of events experienced 33. constructive memory utilizes knowledge and expectations to fill in the missing details in retrieved information 34. misinformation effect distortion of memory that occurs when people are exposed to falsities 35. memory consolidation stabilization and long-term storage of information in the brain 3/3