Review Sheet for Biology Exam 3

Exam 3 Material Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration • • • Where in the cell does glycolysis occur? o What goes in to glycolysis o What are the products of glycolysis ? Where in the cell does Kreb’s Cycle or the Citric Acid Cycle occur? o What goes into Kreb’s o What are the products of the Kreb’s cycle? Where in the cell does the Electron Transport Chain occur? o What goes into the Electron Transport Chain? o What are the products of the ETC? How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis for each molecule of glucose? Approximately how many ATP are formed theoretically during the complete AEROBIC cellular respiration for each molecule of glucose? Why are these theoretical yields not necessarily reached? Why must cells take in oxygen and release CO2? What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration? • • Why is aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration? When a molecule accepts an electron, is it chemically reduced or oxidized? • • • • • Be able to fill in the chart below as a review as well as tell where each portion of cellular respiration occurs. Why do cells undergo fermentation? What are the two types of fermentation How do they differ? What are the products for each type of fermentation? In what type of organisms do each of these processes occur? What metabolic process can occur in the presence and/ or in the absence of Oxygen? Which process in cellular respiration forms the most energy? Chapter 10 – Photosynthesis ( Sections 10.1 – 10.4)    What types of cells are capable of photosynthesis? Where in eukaryotic cells does photosynthesis occur? What are the two main Reactions in Photosynthesis called?  Where do the Light Dependent Reactions occur? o What goes into the Light Reactions? o What are the products of the Light reactions? o Are there any other names for the Light reactions?  Where do the Light Independent Reactions occur? o What goes into the Light Independent Reactions? o What are the products of the Light Reactions? o Are there any other names for the Light Independent Reactions? • • Why are plants green? (Why is chlorophyll green?) How does having multiple photosynthetic pigments affect a plant’s ability to synthesize glucose? • • • • • Where does the Oxygen come from in photosynthesis? What is the best color of light for photosynthesis? How do pigments work? Why do plants have more than one pigment? What happens if a plant gets too hot and dry? What are the differences between C3, C4 , and CAM plants? Understand how the two main reactions of photosynthesis work and how they produce food for the plant Be able to label the parts of the chloroplast as well as tell where each portion of photosynthesis occurs. Chapters 11 – Mitosis / Meiosis Cell Division    What are some of the ways that binary fission differs from eukaryotic mitosis? How are they alike? What are the stages in the eukaryotic cell cycle?  What are the stages in Interphase? o What is occurring in each part of interphase?  What are the stages in mitosis? o What is the purpose of mitosis? o What is the final outcome or product(s) of mitosis? o What type of cells do these divisions occur in ? o Make sure that you can identify each stage in mitosis and know what is occurring in each stage  In a human cell, how many chromosomes are present in the G1 stage of interphase? At metaphase?  What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid?  What are the major differences between mitosis and meiosis? Think specifically about lists I gave in the ppts o Make sure that you can differentiate between the two types of division o What is the purpose of Meiosis? o What is the final outcome of Meiosis? o What type of cells does Meiosis occur in? o Make sure that you could identify each stage in meiosis and know what is occurring in each  In human cells, how many chromosomes and chromatids are present in a cell in prophase I? After telophase I? After telophase II?  What are the benefits to exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes?  Define o Nondisjunctiono Aneuploidy o Polyploidy -  What type of disorders are examples of non-disjunction in humans  Give examples of Genetic disorders that are “Large Scale” Mitosis Make sure you can identify the stages for each stage in mitosis or meiosis as shown above or by description or be able to put them in order Be able to explain the differences between Mitosis and Meiosis Be able to list or describe what occurs in each stage What would happen if the centromeres did not attach to the spindle fibers What would happen if the DNA did not condense before division? Etc. etc. Think of how this could go wrong