Rhetorical Analysis and Argumentation

ap lang final exam Term The rhetorical triangle is also known as the ___ triangle. Rhetorical situation What is an argument? A claim is The following is an example of-“...not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need - not as a call to battle, though embattled we are…” Definition Aristotelian An event that consists of the author, audience, and a subject. Where people exchange their views and try to prove why their view is right. Something that the author states to be the main point Evidence/quote A specific moment that motivates someone to speak out about a certain problem. A type of appeal that appeals to the audience’s sense of Define logos. logic A type of appeal that appeals to the audience’s sense of Define pathos. feelings to evoke emotions A type of appeal that appeals to the audience’s sense of Define ethos. ethics and morals. The author’s opening lines (“America’s boys . . . killing us”) Using words like “broken” and “killing”, to appeal to our capture the audience’s attention by emotions show how even though both are capable of just the In the third and fourth paragraphs, the author contrasts To same things, they’re vastly different due to the different girls and boys in the United States primarily to complexities of adulthood that both genders face. In the fifth paragraph, the author discusses a definition of Show how boys have changed overtime to what seems masculinity primarily to the opposite of the definition how even though talking about situations is The fifth paragraph contributes to the reasoning of the Showing the right thing to do, it is shunned by society because it author’s argument primarily by doesn’t align with the masculine view of men. In context, the second sentence of the penultimate Shows that males could benefit from something that is paragraph (“I don’t know . . . manhood”) serves as a outside of their norm. transitional element that What is exigence? In the eleventh paragraph (“I believe . . . a boy once, too”), consideration of his relationship with his son motivates the author to shift from The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the passage after sentence 3. Though the phenomenon has been observed throughout history by philosophers, historians, and novelists, the term “confirmation bias” itself wasn’t invented until t In sentence 13 (reproduced below), the writer wants to include a piece of relevant evidence that will help convince the reader to accept the techniques used by Warren Buffet as credible. Fortunately, there are techniques, like those used by Warren Buf 19. Which of the following sentences in the passage can best be described as the writer’s thesis statement? The writer is considering adding the sentence below immediately after sentence 1 in order to further develop the argument in the first paragraph. When I decided where to go to college, for example, I thought I had considered every factor and made the In sentence 3 (reproduced below), the writer is considering deleting the underlined portion, adjusting the punctuation as necessary. Confirmation bias, which describes the human tendency to interpret new information in a way that supports our preexist Listing the possible solutions that he could take from the problem. No, because it gives evidence that is not relevant to the passage’s overall line of reasoning and therefore does not strengthen the validity of the writer’s argument. one of the most successful investors in history Sentence 11 Yes, because it describes a personal experience that helps illustrate the point made in sentence. Keep it, because it develops the writer’s ideas by providing a definition of confirmation bias, which is the central concept of the passage. In the context of the passage, which of the following versions of the underlined text is the most effective way to introduce the evidence provided in sentence 10 (reproduced below)? Confirmation bias does admittedly have its uses: it can, for example, The writer is considering deleting the underlined independent clause in sentence 7 (reproduced below), adjusting the punctuation as necessary. In a classic experiment, students who watched their schools compete in a football game subsequently remember The writer wants to combine sentences 11 and 12 (reproduced below) into a single sentence. But when the stakes are high, the risks of making biased decisions are simply too great. An example of a high-stakes situation would be when jurors are deliber In context, which of the following evidence from the text best supports the claim that the “fast food industry has helped to transform not only the American diet, but also our … economy …”? 26. In paragraph, 13, much of Schlosser’s evidence is used to27. What evidence does Schlosser provide for his claim that McDonald’s has come to symbolize America’s service economy? 28. In the fourth paragraph, Schlosser introduces sociologists Cameron Lynne Macdonald and Carmen Sirianni primarily to 29. Schlosser cites sociologist George Ritzer (par 18, sentence 1) to suggest that 30. Which of the following does Schlosser do to establish a sense of ethical credibility with his readers? Synthesis Allegory Irony Verbal irony Dramatic irony Situational irony Juxtaposition Allusion Anaphora Parallelism Paradox Fallacy Concession Counter argument Rebuttal Satire Antithesis (As it is now) Keep it, because it provides an example that explains how confirmation bias affects memory. high, such as when jurors are deliberating a defendant’s fate, the risks of making biased decisions are simply too great “The basic thinking behind fast food has become the operating system of today’s retail economy, wiping out small business, obliterating regional differences, and spreading identifcal stores throughout the country like a serf-replicating code.” Refute the belief that the fast food industry’s growth was unavoidable He tells us that an estimated one out of eight US workers has at some point been employed by McDonalds. Strengthen his argument that the fast food industry has caused significant changes in American society McDonald’s success occurred at the expense of human rights He acknowledges some beneficial consequences resulting from the fast food industry’s success. The combination of two or more ideas to create one new main idea A story or picture that has a deeper meaning to it. A form of writing where words have the opposite meaning. When you say something but you mean something else Where the audience is aware of something that the character does not know. Something that happens when the opposite of what was expected. Where two things are put together to have a contrasting effect Basically a reference Using a word to replace another word because you already used it earlier to avoid repetition. Sentence construction which places equal grammatical constructions near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns. A statement that at first glance contradicts itself but upon further inspection, does make sense. Something that one believes but turns out to be false. A point yielded to an opposing perspective during an argument A set of reasons to oppose a theory in another argument An answer that challenges or supports a particular claim or cause. The use of humor to make serious things funny A literary device that contrasts elements to highlight differences between ideas or characters Analogy 51. Which of the following best describes the author’s exigence in the passage? 52. In the passage, the author makes which of the following assumptions about his audience? 53. In the second sentence of the passage (“Ancient . . . history”), the series of short, simple clauses and the word play on “history” convey the author’s sense that the claims of flat-world proponents 54. . Which of the following best describes the relationship between the second paragraph and the third paragraph? 55. . In the sixth sentence of the third paragraph (“The near-global diffusion . . . opposite effect”), the author mentions the diffusion of English primarily to 56. What could be motivating Mary Warren to want to continue with the trial? 57.. Who does Elizabeth Proctor believe called out her name? 58. What does Elizabeth want her husband to do to try and keep her safe? 59. How has Abigail set up Elizabeth Proctor? 60. What does Proctor say is walking around Salem? 61.. What does Proctor mean when he says, “We are only what we always were, but naked now?” 62. Elizabeth urges John to go to Salem to: 63. People “part like the seas” for Abigail because they: 64. What can be concluded about the Rev. Parris for Act 3? 65.. Elizabeth Proctor did not tell Danforth that Abigail was a harlot because she: 66. Act 4:Why is it important to Danforth and the Rev. Parris that Proctor confess? 67. Act 4: Why does Elizabeth say of John, “He have his goodness now”? A comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation or clarification. (D) The uncritical acceptance of an opinion that he finds problematic (B) They are concerned about the loss of cultural diversity. (D) sound exaggerated only to those who are ignorant of historical events (A) Paragraph 3 presents evidence that addresses questions raised in paragraph 2. (C) emphasize how one phenomenon can have multiple effects Mary is afraid to tell the truth because she thinks that if she does, the other girls will turn on her. Abigail To go to Salem and tell the town that Abigail isn’t telling the truth By accusing her of witchcraft by mentioning her name in court Vengeance That their true selves are starting to be revealed Go tell the authorities to stop the trials Do not want to be affiliated with her. He is worried about his reputation and himself. Wanted to maintain her husband's good reputation. So that he won’t be hanged Because John made up his mind that he won’t sell his dignity to live.