Evolution Review Worksheet

Name: ____________________ Date: ____________ Section: _______ Evolution Review Worksheet Early Ideas about Evolution and DarwinÕs Observations 1. What do scientists call the process of biological change, by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors?_________________________________________________ 2. A horse and a donkey can produce a mule, therefore horses and donkeys are of the same species.! Circle one: True or False! Explain your answer: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. For the following choose either: VARIATION or ADAPTATION ! a. ______________________ The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs. b. ______________________ A feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment. c. ______________________ A tortoise population lives in an area with tall grass. These tortoises have longer necks than tortoises that live in other areas. Having a long neck is an example of this. d. ______________________ One Þsh in a population has slightly darker scales than its relatives. The difference in color of scales is an example of this. ! 4. What observations did Darwin notice between the Þnches on Equator and those on the different islands of the Galapagos? ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The Theory of Natural Section 5. Fill in the blanks: ArtiÞcial selection is where certain traits are manipulated by ______________________, while in natural selection, _____________________ is the selective agent. 6. Natural selection explains how evolution can occur. Match the 4 main principles of natural selection with the correct deÞnition: Variation Overproduction Adaptation Descent with ModiÞcation ! a. __________________________ Producing many offspring, some of which may not survive.! b. __________________________ Heritable differences that make an individual unique.! c. __________________________ An advantageous trait; one well-suited for the environment. d. __________________________ A heritable, advantageous, trait becoming more common in a ! population. ! 7. Circle one: Natural selection acts on existing traits or Natural Selection works directly on DNA 8. Complete the sentence: In biology, an organism is said to have a high Þtness if... ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 9. Fill in the blanks: Sexual selection occurs when certain traits increase mating success. _________________________ selection involves Þghting (competition) among males for a female, whereas ________________________ selection involves males displaying traits to impress females. 10. What are the 5 factors that can lead to evolution? a. _________________________________ b. _________________________________ c. _________________________________ d. _________________________________ e. _________________________________ Evidence for Evolution 11. Match the type of evidence to its description. Fossils Geography Embryology Anatomy Biochemical a. _____________________ Different organisms share similar structures that have very different functions, or have remnants of structures/organs that had a function in the past. b. _____________________ In DNA sequencing, the more closely related two organisms are, the more similar their DNA. c. _____________________ Fossil organisms found in bottom (older) layers are more primitive than those in the upper (newer) layers; often times, these extinct fossils resembled modern life. d. _____________________ During the early stages of life, embryos of very different organisms appear to be very similar. As they continue to develop, they become increasingly different. e. _____________________ Different habitats favor different traits and can establish separate populations that have a common ancestor. ! 12. Which types of structures in organisms have evolved separately and are NOT evidence of a common ancestor? __________________________________ (hint: wings of a bat and of a ßy would be an example of this) Speciation through Isolation 13. DeÞne: Gene Flow ______________________________________________________ 14. Name the three barriers than can isolate populations & list an example of this barrier:! a.____________________________________________________ b.____________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________ ! 15. Fill in the blanks with the words below: ! Speciation Environment Gene Flow Mutation Species Mate Genetic Drift ! Two populations are said to be isolated if there is no longer any ____________________________ between them. Over generations, the members of isolated populations may become more and more different. Isolated populations may become genetically different as those that are better adapted to the new ________________________, survive and reproduce. Random processes such as mutations & _______________________ can also affect evolution. When members of two isolated populations can no longer successfully __________________, the populations are said to be reproductively isolated. Reproductive isolation is the Þnal step prior to ___________________________, which is the evolution of a new _________________________. ! Patterns in Evolution 16. Describe convergent evolution using an example. Would structures in this example be homologous or analogous? ! ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17. Describe divergent evolution using an example. Would structures in this example be homologous or analogous? ! ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 18. In the table below, Þll in the spaces about the two ways in which species can co-evolve. Type of Coevolution BeneÞcial Relationship How it works Example Evolutionary Arms Race ! 19. Mammal evolution exploded after the age of dinosaurs. This rapid period of growth was followed by a slow period of speciation. Circle the letter of the TWO patterns that explain this. " a. Convergent evolution e. Mass extinction b. Divergent evolution f. Punctuated equilibrium c. Adaptive radiation g. Gradualism d. Coevolution h. Background extinction " 20. Match the correct term to the proper hypothesis:! Ribozymes Miller-Urey Iron-sulÞde bubbles Meteorite Endosymbiosis Lipid Membrane! a. ________________ Demonstrated organic compounds could be made by passing electrical current (simulate lightening) through a closed system that held a mixtures of gases (early atmosphere). b. _________________ Amino acids may have arrived on Earth through meteorite/asteroid impacts. c. _________________ A relationship in which one organism lives within the body of another, and ! both organisms beneÞt from the relationship. d. __________________ Biological molecules combined in compartments of chimney like structures ! on the ocean ßoor. The compartments acted as the Þrst cell membranes. e. __________________ Lipid spheres, or liposomes, could form around a variety of organic ! molecules, acting as early cell membranes. f. ___________________ RNA molecules that can catalyze speciÞc chemical reactions without the use of additional enzymes. May have been the Þrst genetic material of cells.