Chapter 13 Cardiovascular Disorders

Chapter 13: Cardiovascular Disorders ____ 1. Which condition or factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) suggests a greater genetic contribution ____ 2. The process in which gene variants interact with other gene variants to cause disease can be ____ 3. What is the most accurate classification of the common forms of coronary artery disease and ____ 4. What is the genetic contribution to the development of the most common forms of atherosclerosis? A. Variation in a variety of genes, with each exerting a small effect ____ 5. Your 40-year-old patient is hospitalized for a myocardial infarction, but her lipid levels are normal. ____ 6. Which variable in a person with coronary artery disease (CAD) increases the likelihood of a strong ____ 7. Which total plasma cholesterol levels are most likely to be present in people who are homozygous ____ 8. Which problem associated with Tangier disease increases the risk for coronary artery disease? C. Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) ____ 9. Which physical finding in a 30-year-old man suggests the possibility of familial than environmental contribution to its development? C. When CAD is diagnosed in a person who is younger than 50 years described by what word/phrase? C. Epistasis hypertension? C. Complex disorders resulting from gene–environment interactions She says that she would like to have a genetic test to see why she was affected at such a young age. What do you say? A. “Heart attacks seem to be caused by a combination of many affected genes working together as well as environmental factors. There is no single gene test that will be able to identify why this happened to you.” genetic influence in its expression? B. The disorder is present in a woman whose father had CAD. for an allele that causes familial hypercholesterolemia? D. 600 mg/dL to 1,200 mg/dL hypercholesterolemia? B. Xanthomas ____ 10. For patients who have familial hypercholesterolemia, what should be the focus of teaching for blood cholesterol reduction? D. Taking the lipid-lowering drug as prescribed ____ 11. What is true about the gene variants that cause hypertension? B. Genes that code for proteins in the RAAS pathways are often involved. ____ 12. Your patient has been diagnosed with long QT syndrome (LQTS). What do you know about this heart rhythm problem? B. It is relatively rare and often caused by private mutations. ____ 13. Which health problem is the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes? B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ____ 14. Why is the mitochondrial disease MELAS, which results in stroke-like episodes in addition to encephalopathy and lactic acidosis, only transmitted by a mother and not by an affected father? A. The mitochondria are in the cytoplasm, and virtually all the cytoplasm comes from the egg and is thus maternally inherited. ____ 15. How does factor V Leiden increase the likelihood of stroke? D. Affected people have a type of factor V that is resistant to activated protein C. ____ 16. Which ethnic group is at higher risk for stroke caused by factor V Leiden? C. Caucasians from Northern Europe ____ 17. Why is factor V Leiden disorder considered a form of thrombophilia? B. Blood clots form more easily. ____ 18. Why is determining the genetic contribution to the onset of stroke difficult? A. Stroke classification and phenotype remain heterogeneous. ____ 19. Which lysosomal storage disease is associated with an increased risk for stroke? A. Fabry disease ____ 20. What term is used to describe the gene-to-gene interaction in which the action of one gene modifies the expression of a different gene? A. Epistasis ____ 21. What do the known monogenic disorders that result in the expression of hypertension have in common? C. Excessive kidney reabsorption of sodium ____ 22. Which statement about atrial fibrillation is correct? B. A variety of different genes can contribute to its expression. ____ 23. Which lethal cardiac arrhythmia can occur as a complication of long QT syndrome? D. Torsade de pointes