Chapter 1 DNA Structure and Function

Chapter 1: DNA Structure and Function ____ 1. In which body or cell area are most genes in humans located? A. Nucleus ____ 2. Which condition or statement exemplifies the concept of genomics rather than genetics? A. The gene for insulin is located on chromosome 11 in all people. ____ 3. What is the purpose of phosphorous in a DNA strand? A. Linking the nucleotides into a strand ____ 4. What is the term used to define alternative forms of a gene that may result in different expression of ____ 5. What percentage of bases in a stretch of double-stranded DNA that contains 30% guanine (G) bases ____ 6. What is the term used to describe the organized picture of the paired chromosomes within a cell used ____ 7. What would be the sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the base ____ 8. Which of these complementary base pairs form the strongest or “tightest” association? B. Cytosine and guanine ____ 9. What activity occurs during M phase of the cell cycle? C. All DNA is completely replicated. the trait coded for by that gene? A. Alleles would be adenine (A)? D. 20% to determine whether chromosome numbers, structures, and banding patterns are normal? C. Karyotype sequence of GGTCAATCCTTAG? D. CCAGTTAGGAATC ____ 10. Which chromosome number represents the euploid state for normal human somatic cells? B. 46 ____ 11. How does the proteome differ from the genome? A. The proteome changes in response to intracellular and extracellular signals. ____ 12. What is the most outstanding feature of a mature haploid cell? C. Only one chromosome of each pair is present. ____ 13. At what phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible as separate structures? D. M ____ 14. Which statement about the cell cycle phase of G0 is true? B. Performance of specific differentiated functions ____ 15. What is the result of normal DNA replication? B. Formation of two identical sets of DNA ____ 16. Which statement regarding chromosome structure or function is true? A. The chromatids of any single chromosome are known as “sister chromatids.” ____ 17. Why does a person with normal chromosomes only have two alleles for any single gene trait? C. One allele for the monogenic trait is on the paternally derived chromosome, and the other allele is on the maternally derived chromosome. ____ 18. Under what normal condition are genotype and phenotype always the same? C. Homozygosity of alleles ____ 19. What would be the expected result of a drug that affected a particular tissue by causing new DNA to form with covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds? D. The new cells that formed within this tissue would not be able to complete the next round of mitosis successfully. ____ 20. How does the DNA enzyme topoisomerase contribute to DNA replication? D. Connects and links the individual pieces of newly synthesized DNA to form a single strand ____ 21. Where is telomeric DNA located? A. At the tips of the p and q arms of chromosomes. ____ 22. What is the purpose of a chromosome centromere? A. Connecting sister chromatids to form a chromosome ____ 23. Which genetic process would be disrupted in one cell if it could not form chromosomes? C. Delivery of genetic information to new cells ____ 24. What are the expected expressed blood types of children born to a mother who is B/O for blood type and a father who is A/B for blood type? B. 25% A, 50% B, 0% O, 25% AB ____ 25. A person’s karyotype shows 44 autosomes and one X chromosome. What is the best interpretation of this karyotype? A. The karyotype is aneuploid, and the individual has only one allele for each of the genes on the X chromosome