Microbiology CH-06 Key 1

CH-06: Test Bank Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. Viruses exhibit all the following except ______. A. B. C. D. E. definite shape metabolism genes ability to infect host cells ultramicroscopic size ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.02 Summarize arguments on both sides of the debate regarding the classification of viruses as living organisms. Learning Outcome: 06.03 Identify effective terms to describe the behavior of viruses. Learning Outcome: 06.04 Discuss the size of viruses relative to other microorganisms. Section: 06.02 Topic: General Viral Properties 2. Host cells of viruses include ______. A. B. C. D. E. humans and other animals plants and fungi bacteria protozoa and algae All of the choices are correct. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02 Summarize arguments on both sides of the debate regarding the classification of viruses as living organisms. Section: 06.02 Topic: General Viral Properties 3. Viruses ______. A. B. C. D. cannot be seen in a light microscope are prokaryotic contain 70S ribosomes undergo binary fission ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02 Summarize arguments on both sides of the debate regarding the classification of viruses as living organisms. Learning Outcome: 06.03 Identify effective terms to describe the behavior of viruses. Learning Outcome: 06.04 Discuss the size of viruses relative to other microorganisms. Section: 06.03 Topic: General Viral Properties 4. Viral capsids are made from subunits called ______. A. B. C. D. E. envelopes spikes capsomeres prophages peptones ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.05 Describe the function and structure(s) of viral capsids. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 5. Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shape of a viral ______. A. B. C. D. E. spike capsomere envelope capsid core ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.05 Describe the function and structure(s) of viral capsids. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 6. A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus. A. B. C. D. E. capsomere capsid spike envelope monolayer ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.05 Describe the function and structure(s) of viral capsids. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 7. One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid. A. B. C. D. E. spiked complex icosahedral helical buckeyball ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.05 Describe the function and structure(s) of viral capsids. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 8. A naked virus only has a/an ______. A. B. C. D. capsomere nucleocapsid envelope antigenic surface ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.06 Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 9. Which of the following is not a typical capsid shape? A. Tetrahedral B. Complex C. Helical D. Icosahedron ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.05 Describe the function and structure(s) of viral capsids. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 10. All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except A. B. C. D. E. gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane. gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane. contain special virus proteins. help the virus particle attach to host cells. located between the capsid and nucleic acid. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.06 Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 11. Viral spikes A. are always present on enveloped viruses. B. attach the viral capsid and envelope. C. allow bacteria to evade host defenses. D. are derived from host proteins. E. are for recognition among the various types of viruses. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.07 Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 12. The core of every virus particle always contains ______. A. B. C. D. E. DNA capsomeres enzymes DNA and RNA either DNA or RNA ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.08 Compare and contrast the composition of a viral genome to that of a cellular organism's genome. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 13. Which of the following is not associated with every virus? A. B. C. D. E. Envelope Capsomeres Capsid Nucleic acid Genome ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.06 Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 14. Viral nucleic acid types include which of the following? A. B. C. D. E. Double-stranded DNA Single-stranded DNA Double-stranded RNA Single-stranded RNA All of the choices are correct. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.09 Diagram the possible nucleic acid configurations exhibited by viruses. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 15. Reverse transcriptase synthesizes A. B. C. D. a positive RNA strand from a negative RNA strand. a negative RNA strand from a positive RNA strand. viral RNA from DNA. viral DNA from RNA. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.08 Compare and contrast the composition of a viral genome to that of a cellular organism's genome. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Replication 16. A negative RNA virus must first A. B. C. D. E. synthesize a DNA copy of its genome. synthesize a negative RNA copy of its genome. synthesize a positive RNA copy of its genome. transcribe reverse transcriptase. transcribe RNA polymerase. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.09 Diagram the possible nucleic acid configurations exhibited by viruses. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Replication 17. Viruses with _____-sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with _____-sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message. A. B. C. D. E. positive; negative negative; positive primary; secondary secondary; primary intermediate; primary ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.09 Diagram the possible nucleic acid configurations exhibited by viruses. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Replication 18. Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except A. B. C. D. E. type of nucleic acid. type of capsid. presence of an envelope. biochemical reactions. number of strands in the nucleic acid. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.11 Demonstrate how family and genus names in viruses are written. Section: 06.04 Topic: Viral Classification 19. Which of the following represents a virus family name? A. Herpes simplex virus B. Herpesviridae C. Picornavirus D. Enterovirus E. Hepatitis B virus ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.11 Demonstrate how family and genus names in viruses are written. Section: 06.04 Topic: Viral Classification 20. Which of the following is not a viral order in the classification system? A. B. C. D. Caudovirales Vaccinia virus Nidovirales Mononegavirales ASM Objective: 01.05 The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.11 Demonstrate how family and genus names in viruses are written. Section: 06.04 Topic: Viral Classification 21. The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is A. B. C. D. E. penetration, uncoating, synthesis, adsorption, assembly, and release. uncoating, penetration, synthesis, assembly, absorption, and release. adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, and release. assembly, synthesis, uncoating, release, penetration, and adsorption. adsorption, release, synthesis, uncoating, assembly, and penetration. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 22. Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during ______. A. B. C. D. E. replication assembly adsorption release penetration ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.06 Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses. Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 23. In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____. A. B. C. D. E. nucleus; cytoplasm cytoplasm; cell membrane cell membrane; cytoplasm cytoplasm; nucleus nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.09 Diagram the possible nucleic acid configurations exhibited by viruses. Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 24. Host range is limited by the A. B. C. D. type of nucleic acid in the virus. age of the host cell. type of host cell receptors on cell membrane. size of the host cell. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.07 Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 25. Oncogenic viruses include all the following except ______. A. B. C. D. E. hepatitis B virus measles virus Papillomavirus HTLV-I and HTLV-II viruses Epstein-Barr virus ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.14 Provide examples of persistent and transforming infections, describing their effects on the host. Learning Outcome: 06.19 Analyze the relative importance of viruses in human infection and disease. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 26. Which of the following is/are type(s) of cytopathic effects? A. B. C. D. E. Inclusions in the nucleus Multinucleated giant cells Inclusions in the cytoplasm Rounding of cells All of the choices are correct. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.13 Define the term cytopathic effect and provide one example. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 27. The envelope of enveloped viruses A. B. C. D. E. is identical to the host plasma membrane. is only composed of host endomembrane. does not contain spikes. is obtained by viral budding or exocytosis. makes the virus very susceptible to drug therapy. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.06 Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Classification 28. Viruses attach to their hosts via ______. A. B. C. D. E. host glycoproteins host phospholipids viral phospholipids viral flagella carbohydrate attachments of the viral capsid ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.07 Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 29. Viral tissue specificities are called ______. A. B. C. D. E. ranges virions receptacles tropisms uncoating ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.07 Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure 30. The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is ______. A. B. C. D. E. adsorption penetration uncoating synthesis assembly ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 31. Which of the following occurs during assembly? A. B. C. D. E. The nucleocapsid is formed. New viral nucleic acid is formed. Viral spikes insert in host cell membrane. The nucleocapsid is formed and viral spikes insert in host cell membrane. The viral envelope and the host cell membrane fuse. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 32. Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are ______. A. B. C. D. chronic latent viruses oncoviruses syncytia inclusion bodies ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.14 Provide examples of persistent and transforming infections, describing their effects on the host. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 33. Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are ______. A. B. C. D. E. chronic latent viruses oncoviruses syncytia inclusion bodies cytopathic ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.14 Provide examples of persistent and transforming infections, describing their effects on the host. Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Replication 34. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformed cell? A. B. C. D. E. Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA Decreased growth rate Alterations in chromosomes Changes in cell surface molecules Capacity to divide indefinitely ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.14 Provide examples of persistent and transforming infections, describing their effects on the host. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 35. New, nonenveloped virus release occurs by ______. A. B. C. D. E. lysis budding exocytosis both lysis and budding both budding and exocytosis ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.06 Distinguish between enveloped and naked viruses. Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 36. What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors? A. B. C. D. Viral sheaths Tail fibers Nucleic acids Capsid heads ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.07 Explain the importance of viral surface proteins, or spikes. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 37. Which of the following is incorrect about prophages? A. B. C. D. E. Present when the virus is in lysogeny Formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome Replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny Cause lysis of host cells Occur when temperate phages enter host cells ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 38. T-even phages ______. A. B. C. D. include the poxviruses infect Escherichia coli cells enter host cells by engulfment have helical capsids ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 39. The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is A. B. C. D. E. adsorption to the host cells. injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell. host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins. assembly of nucleocapsids. replication of viral nucleic acid. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses. Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 40. Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called ______. A. B. C. D. E. latent oncogenic prions viroids delta agents ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.14 Provide examples of persistent and transforming infections, describing their effects on the host. Learning Outcome: 06.19 Analyze the relative importance of viruses in human infection and disease. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 41. Uncoating of viral nucleic acid A. B. C. D. E. does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication. involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid. occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle. occurs before replication. All of the choices are correct. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.12 Diagram the six-step life cycle of animal viruses. Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication 42. In transduction, the viral genome A. B. C. D. initiates lysis of the host. includes DNA from the previous host. is replicated in the cytoplasm. is replicated in the nucleus. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 43. Lysogeny refers to A. B. C. D. altering the host range of a virus. the latent state of herpes infections. virions exiting host cell. the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome. ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 44. Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called ______. A. B. C. D. viroids prions bacteriophages satellite viruses ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 45. During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the host ______. A. B. C. D. E. cytoplasm nucleus nucleolus DNA cell membrane ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 46. What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage? A. B. C. D. E. Primary Secondary Temperate Temporary Transformed ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 47. The activation of a prophage is called ______. A. B. C. D. E. activation lysogeny transformation induction adsorption ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 48. When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called ______. A. B. C. D. E. transformation lysogenic conversion viral persistence transcription translation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.15 Provide a thorough description of lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage infections. Section: 06.05 Topic: Bacteriophage Cycles 49. Which of the following will not support viral cultivation? A. B. C. D. E. Live lab animals Embryonated bird eggs Primary cell cultures Continuous cell cultures All of the choices will support viral cultivation. ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.17 Describe three ways in which viruses are cultivated. Section: 06.06 Topic: Viral Replication 50. Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called ______. A. B. C. D. E. patches buds plaques cytopathic effects pocks ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.17 Describe three ways in which viruses are cultivated. Section: 06.06 Topic: Viral Replication 51. Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called ______. A. B. C. D. E. patches buds plaques cytopathic effects pocks ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.