Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Cancer Review

! ! Name: _____________________________________________Date: _________________ Period: _____ Cell Cycle, Mitosis, & Cancer Review ! 38/46 Due Date: _________________ ! ! ! ! Using the labeled Cell Cycle diagram to the right do the following: ! Left column: place the corresponding letter for the correct stage ! Right column: Complete the description of the stage in the ! ! ! ! 1. A ____________________: Consists of G1, S and G2 phases Interphase ! in the Cell Cycle. ! Cytokinesis – division of the cytoplasm resulting in two ! J 2. ___ ! identical daughter _______________ cells. ! ! G1 – growth phase: Makes organelles and proteins needed for replication of DNA. Also contains a G1 ! 3. ___ B ! checkpoint. If everything is correct, cell will proceed to S phase. ! C S phase: DNA is replicated or synthesized. ! 4. ___ ! ! itosis G2 - growth phase: Cell gets ready to undergo M_____________. Also contains a G 2 checkpoint. If DNA ! 5. D replication is correct, checkpoint allows cell to enter M phase. ! ! Prophase: chromatin condenses to become chromatin, nuclear envelopes breaks down, and ! 6. E___ centrioles migrate to opposite poles in animal cells. Nucleolus disappears. ! ! ! etaphase M____________: sister chromatids line up along the metaphase plate in the middle. Spindle F 7. ___ apparatus attaches !at the centromere of the chromosomes. ! ! A______________: sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell. The naphase ! 8. G s___________ a______________ pulls them apart. This phase ends when the chromatids stop pindle pparatus ! moving. ! ! Telophase: two nuclear envelopes begin reforming. Chromatids relax, uncoil & are now chromatin. ! Cytokinesis is occurring during Telophase but it is NOT considered a part of mitosis because it does ! 9. ___ H not ! involve the nucleus of the cell. In plant cells, a cell plate begins to form while a c_____________ leavage ! f_____________ is visible in animal cells. urrow ! ! metaphase Mitosis: division of a cell’s nucleus. Occurs in this order: prophase, _________________, ! I 10. ___ ! anaphase _______________, and telophase. ! ! 10/10 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3/5 Label the phases of Mitosis below: 11. Telophase 12. 13. Metaphase Anaphase 14. 15. Prophase Cytokinesis 5/7 Complete the table by checking the correct column for each statement. Statement Interphase Mitosis 16. Cell growth occurs M 17. Nuclear division occurs M 18. Chromosomes are finishing moving into separate daughter cells. 19. Chromosomes are duplicated M I 20. DNA synthesis occurs M I 21. Where cells spend most of their life 22. Mitochondria and other organelles are made. I Use the following illustrations for questions 23 - 32 Centrioles 23. In cell A, what is the structure labeled X? ___________________ 9/10 Spindle Þbers 24. In cell F, what is the structure labeled Y? __________________ Interphase/D 25. Which cell is not in a phase of mitosis? ______________________ Telophase 26. New nuclear membranes are forming in B. What is this phase called? _____________________ D. A. F. ____, C. ____, E. ____ B. 27. Sequence the six diagrams in chronological order from first to last. ____, ____, ____, Metaphase 28. Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell during? __________________________________________________ 29. When do the sister chromatids separate? _____________________________________________________________ Anaphase Prophase 30. During which phase do chromosomes first become visible? ______________________________________________ Anaphase 31. During which phase does the cleavage furrow start forming on animal cells? _________________________________ 23 32. If a cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis? _____________ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2/5 Identify the stage of mitosis each lettered plant cell is in: 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. E A E B Interphase Anaphase D Metaphase C Prophase Telophase Regulation of the cell cycle umor 38. A mass of cancerous cells is called a t_____________________. 39. What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle? Cell cycle checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms that monitor the order, integrity, and Þdelity of the major events of the cell cycle. These include growth to the appropriate cell size, the replication and integrity of the chromosomes, and their accurate segregation at mitosis. a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue. 40. What is a carcinogen? ___________________________________________________________________________ Radon Give 2 examples of carcinogens: _________________________ and ____________________________ Tobacco 41. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled growth and division of cells due to a failure in the regulation of the cell cycle. Do cancerous cells spend much of their time in Go, the resting period of the cell cycle? Explain why or why not. Human cancers have an apparent low growth fraction, the bulk of cells presumed to being out of cycle in a G0 quiescent state due to the inability in the past to distinguish G0 from G1 cells. Thus, human cancers are blocked in transition in G1 and are not predominantly in a G0 or quiescent differentiated state. 5/5 Use the word box below to answer questions 42- 44 Apoptosis Daughter Chromosome Chromatin Develop Divide Grow Repair Apoptosis 42. Programmed cell death is called _______________________ and is often trigged by cells that are damaged beyond repair. This process can help protect against cancerous growth. Big Ideas 43. What are reasons EUKARYOTIC cells divide? Develop 4/4 Grow a. To ____________& ___________________. Repair b. To ______________________ tissue. 44. What is the relationship between chromatin and chromosomes? Chromatin _____________ is thread-like DNA and is the form usually found in a cell that is not dividing. When a cell is Chromosome going to divide, chromatin coils up to form a(n) ___________________. Condensing and packaging DNA this way makes it much more manageable and easier to ___________ DNA evenly among the 2 new IDENTICAL divide Daughter ________________ cells.