AP World History Unit 5 Quiz

AP World History Unit 5 Quiz 1. In the 18th century, the transfer from religious ideologies to reason-based thinking is known as what? a. Nationalism b. Libertarianism c. Enlightenment d. Revolution 2. John Locke believed in what? i. Natural, unalienable rights ii. Separation of power iii. The people can overthrow the government if the government is unjust a. I b. II c. I and III d. I and II e. I, II, III 3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in what? i. The right to life, liberty, and property ii. The "social contract." People should give up some of their rights to follow laws for the good of the community iii. Free speech and religious toleration a. I b. II c. I and III d. I and II e. I, II, III 4. Baron de Montesquieu believed in what? i. Check and balances ii. Separation of power iii. The social contract a. I b. II c. I and III d. I and II e. I, II, III 5. What did Voltaire believe in? i. Free speech ii. Social contract iii. Religious toleration a. I b. II c. I and III d. I and II e. I, II, III 6. What was one effect of Enlightenment? a. Nationalism b. Emphasis on the beliefs of the church c. The shift from democratic style governments to authoritarian d. Increased power of the monarchs in Europe 7. During this period, we see the rise of nations calling for revolutions and independence. What ideas were these revolutions greatly inspired by? a. Zionism b. The belief in traditional values, also known as conservatism c. The fight for women's equality, also known as feminism d. The belief that all are born with natural rights 22. The answer is (C. Instant communication caused less people to migrate away from home). Instant communication caused more people to migrate away from home, since they could easily talk with their family from across the world. 23. The answer is (C. Japan's transition to a modern, industrialized economy). The Meiji restoration is Japan's state sponsored industrialization. They modeled their society off of Europe to be at the same industrial power. 24. The answer is (A. After the US demanded that Japan opens for trade, the Japanese leaders wanted to adopt westem tech to protect themselves). After Matthew Perry demanded that Japan open to the US for trade, Japan realized how far behind it was from the rest of the world. Japan went through defensive modernization and adopted Western technology to protect itself. 25. The answer is (B. Laissez faire capitalism). During this period, new economic theories came about. Adam Smith's laissez faire capitalism called for no government intervention in the market. Many states then switched from Mercantilism, the old theory, to laissez faire capitalism. 26. The answer is (C. Joint-stock companies carried great risk for investors whereas corporations use limited liability to protect investors). Joint-stock companies allowed people to invest in their companies, however those investors carried all the risk of the company. If the company went bankrupt, the investors would be responsible for all the risk. Corporations use limited liability, so investors are only at risk for the amount of money they invest. 27. The answer is (D. I and II) Because competition for jobs was so tight, owners would try to pay their workers as little as possible. Conditions in the factories were also dangerous, and the workers were working very long hours. Labor unions came about to combat all these conditions, and eventually brought minimum wage laws and a max number of hours that one can work. 28. The answer is (B. The bourgeoisie owned the means of productions, so they could exploit the laboring class. The laborers should rise up to take back the means of production.). Karl Marx was an advocate for the working class, for he believed they were benign exploited. He believed that laborers should own the means of production rather than the bourgeoisie. 29. The answer is (B. The cult of domesticity rose and gave women pride for their efforts of raising the children and creating order in the home). Although the feminist movement did rise, middle class women became housewives and stayed at home to take care of the children and the home. The cult of domesticity gave pride to these women, and advertisers promoted this lifestyle to sell their goods. 30. The answer is (D. All answers are correct). After industrialization, class structures changed to where the lower class were the factory laborers, the middle class were the white collar workers, and the high class were the factory owners. 8. What was one cause of the American Revolution? a. The French and Indian war b. Increased taxation against the colonists, such as the Stamp Act c. Enlightenment d. All answers are correct 9. The American government formed after the American Revolution was based on what enlightenment principle? a. The belief that all people were born with natural, unalienable rights b. Separation of power c. Free Speech and religious tolerations d. All answers are correct 10. What was the main cause of the French Revolution? a. The french citizens held too much power in the estates system b. The french citizens challenged the monarchy and the inequity of power in the estates system c. A slave revolt led by the Mulattoes d. Rapid inflation that led France into famine 11. The in the estate system held all of the power despite making up the smallest percentage of the population in France a. The clergy b. The aristocracy c. The french citizens d. The creoles 12. Who was Toussaint Louverture? a. The leader of the slave revolt in the Haitain revolution b. A creole that helped states in latin America to gain independence from the Spanish c. An enlightenment philosopher d. An economist that believed in laissez faire capitalism 13. What was the main cause of the Haitian revolution a. The creoles were angry with the demands of the Spanish monarchy b. Social class tensions, as the enslaved workers outnumbered the plantation owners c. The demand for a constitutional monarchy d. The New Zealand Wars inspired a slave revolt in Haiti 14. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Europe? a. Their access to coal, their proximity to water, and their social stability b. Due to famine, the working population in Europe focused their efforts on farming c. The Black Plague inspired technological advances in Europe d. They stole advanced technology from other nations throughout the world 15. Why did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for industrialization? a. The population grew because of increased food production leaving more workers available for factories b. Because of efficient farming techniques, there was a lesser need for farmers c. Agricultural improvement allowed for urbanization d. All answers are correct 16. Which response is NOT a reason why Britain's industrialization was so successful? a. They had access to resources from their colonies in all parts of the globe b. Britain had legal protection of private property, encouraging entrepreneurs c. Because of their wealth from slave trade, British capitalist had a lot of money to invest in factories and businesses d. The majority of the population was working in agriculture, allowing the small number of factory workers to work efficiently 17. What was a large factor in the industrial revolution's success in the United States a. The Trans-Siberian Railroad allowed the transportation of resources across the country b. The threat of colonization from Europe pushed the United States to go through defensive modernization c. Immigrants from Europe and East Asia provided the labor force needed in the factories d. Wealth from corn exports to Mexico 18. How did the steam engine revolutionize factories? a. They could harness electricity, which in turn powered lights in the factories b. They could harness energy without water, so factories could be built anywhere rather than next to a river c. They powered trains d. They were used to heat homes, which led to less factory workers becoming sick 19. How did the steam engine revolutionize transportation? a. They were utilized on steamships, which could transport resources and goods up and down the river b. They were utilized on railroads, which could transport much more goods than ever before c. The engine made the production of steel possible d. Answers a and b are correct 20. What were the main technological advances in the FIRST industrial revolution? a. Steam, Radio, Coal b. Gas, Iron, Water c. Steel, Iron, Steam d. Steam, Iron, Textiles 21. What were the main technological advances in the SECOND industrial revolution? a. Steam, Radio, Coal b. Steel, Gas, Communication c. Steel, Iron, Steam d. Steam, Iron, Communication 22. Which response is NOT an economic effect of the Industrial revolution a. Low wages for factory workers because of unspecialized labor b. The middle class had disposable income to spend on leisure c. Instant communication caused less people to migrate away from home d. Rapid urbanization increased poverty 23. What was the Meiji Restoration? a. A revolt by the working class in Japan due to unfair working conditions in the factories b. A feminist movement in Japan c. Japan's transition to a modem, industrialized economy d. All answers are correct 24. Why did Japan undergo the Meiji Restoration? a. After the US demanded that Japan opens for trade, the Japanese leaders wanted to adopt western tech to protect themselves b. Japanese citizens were unhappy in their agricultural based society c. Businesses were rapidly failing because citizens couldn't afford leisurely goods d. Japan was too interconnected with European countries and wanted to preserve their culture 25. What economic system did many states switch to during this period? a. Communism b. Laissez faire capitalism c. Mercantilism d. Command economy 26. What is the main difference between corporations and joint-stock companies? a. All corporations act as a monopoly whereas joint-stock companies promote competition b. Joint-stock companies allow citizens to invest in their business and corporations do not c. Joint-stock companies carried great risk for investors whereas corporations use limited liability to protect investors d. All answers are correct 27. Which responses were effects of labor unions during the industrial revolution? i. Minimum Wage Laws ii. Limitations on the maximum number of hours one can work iii. Provided food on the factory floor a. I b. II c. I and III d. I and II e. 28. Karl Marx was well known for his heavy criticisms of capitalism. What response best summarizes his beliefs? a. Capitalism forced children to work, so safer factories should be built to support child workers. b. The bourgeoisie owned the means of productions, so they could exploit the laboring class. The laborers should rise up to take back the means of production. c. Communism is the best economic system because the proletariats will have no control over the means of production. d. The Bourgeoisie deserves more control over the factories to make sure they are not being exploited. 29. What effects did industrialization have on the lives of women? a. Women could legally be paid less in the factories, so parental roles changed with men becoming the primary caretakers of the children. b. The cult of domesticity rose and gave women pride for their efforts of raising the children and creating order in the home c. High class women began working in factories because they were bored at home d. Feminist movements diminished because most women wanted to be the caretakers of the home. 30. What effects did industrialization have on class structure? a. It created a middle class of white collar workers who held office jobs. b. Factory workers and coal miners became the bottom class c. Industrialists and owners of large corporations became the highest class d. All answers are correct Explanations 1. The answer is (C. Enlightenment). During this period, there was a revolution in thought, for many philosophers began to think scientifically. This revolution was known as enlightenment. Evidence was based upon reason and experimenting as people stopped taking the word of god as the ultimate truth. 2. The answer is (C. I and III). John Locke is one of the most influential enlightenment philosophers of the time. His ideas of natural, unalienable rights as well as the right to overthrow an unjust government were the inspiration for many revolutions during this time. 3. The answer is (B. II). Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas of the social contract were an inspiration for many emerging governments, as the people would give up some of their rights for government protection. 4. The answer is (D. I and II). Baron de Montesquieu influenced the ideas of the fundamental basis of many governmental structures. His ideas of checks and balances and separation of power can be seen in the United States Government today. 5. The answer is (C. I and III) Voltaire influenced the ideas of free speech and religious toleration which can be seen in today's governments. 6. The answer is (A. Nationalism). During enlightenment, philosophers began to question if monarchy and religion were the basis of a state. They started to believe that a state was made up of people with the same ethnicity, language, and culture. This created a common identity among the people and sparked nationalism, which in turn sparked revolutions. 7. The answer is (D. The belief that all are bom with natural rights). John Locke's idea that all people are bom with natural rights influenced many revolutions during this period. People began to rise up against the injustices of their colonizers or the mother country, fighting for their rights and independence. 8. The answer is (D. All answers are correct). The French and Indian left Britain with great debts, and their solution was to tax the colonists in America. For example, the stamp act was a tax against all printed items in the colonies. The colonists became very angry against Britain, and influenced by enlightenment principles, they fought for their independence against an unjust ruler. 9. The answer is (D. All answers are correct). The creators of the constitution were heavily influenced by enlightenment. This can be seen in the separation of the US government into three branches, the idea that all people are born with natural rights, and the right to free speech and freedom of religion. 10. The answer is (B. The French citizens challenged the monarchy and the inequity of power in the estates system). The French revolution was caused by a revolt of the French citizens. The citizens felt heavily underrepresented in the government, and they believed that a republic would be far better than the monarchy that was in place. 11. The answer is (B. The aristocracy). In the Estates system, there was the clergy, the aristocracy, and the French citizens. The aristocracy was the upper class, and despite making up the smallest percentage of the population, they held the greatest amount of power. This was the main cause of the French revolution. 12. The answer is (A. The leader of the slave revolt in the Haitain revolution). Toussaint Louverture was the leader of the Haitian revolution. He was previously enslaved, but was freed and joined the slaves in their fight for independence. 13. The answer is (B. Social class tensions, as the enslaved workers outnumbered the plantation owners). Haiti was a French colony that held many plantations owned by white colonists. The plantations used enslaved workers, however the enslaved workers greatly outnumbered the plantation owners. They revolted and gained Haiti's independence from the French. 14. The answer is (A. Their access to coal, their proximity to water, and their social stability). Britain's natural abundance of coal gave them an advantage in production, since coal was used for fuel in factories, and their proximity to water allowed them easy access to trade the goods they produced. Also, since Britain was not involved in any conflicts at the time, their social stability allowed them to focus on industrializing. 15. The answer is (D. All answers are correct). The Agricultural revolution provided many advances in farming. This caused the population to grow because of the increased food supply. These advances also made farming more efficient, so there was a lesser need for farmers. Together, these conditions created a labor force for the factories. It also caused more people to move to cities, also known as urbanization. 16. The answer is (D. The majority of the population was working in agriculture, allowing the small number of factory workers to work efficiently). The majority of the population was not working in agriculture. In fact, there were only a small number of farmers and a large number of factory workers due to industrialization. 17. The answer is (C. Immigrants from Europe and East Asia provided the labor force needed in the factories). The United State's industrialization would not have been nearly as successful without the added labor force from immigrants. However, many citizens of the US were unhappy with the immigrants labor force despite their help in the growth of the US. 18. The answer is (B. They could harness energy without water, so factories could be built anywhere rather than next to a river). Before the steam engine, factories were confined to the river, since water was used to power the machinery. Afterwards, factories could be built anywhere and many more were built. 19. The answer is (D. Answers a and b are correct). The steam engine was used on the steam ship. The steamship revolutionized trade because they no longer had to rely on the wind for travel. The steam engine was also used in railroads, which revolutionized both trade and transportation. Mass amounts of cargo and passengers could be moved easily. 20. The answer is (D. Steam, Iron, Textiles). The industrial revolution brought a revolution in the manufacturing process for textiles and Iron. The steam engine played a large part in that, as it could produce power from coal rather than water. 21. The answer is (B. Steel, Gas, Communication). In the second industrial revolution the Bessemer process allowed for the mass production of steel. Fossil fuels, such as natural gas, were used for energy in factories. The telegraph and the radio allowed for instant communication across long distances.