Psychology Exam 1

1 INTRODUCTORY PSYCHOLOGY EXAMINATION #1 Please select the best answer: 1. _B_____ founded psychology as an experimental science in _______. a. Gustav Fechner, Holland b. Wilhelm Wundt, Germany c. Andrew Werner, USA d. William Winsor, England 2. Early scientists used the method of __B_____ to study conscious behavior. a. Approximations b. Introspection c. Psychoanalysis d. Emotion analysis 3. The school of __C_____ aimed at breaking down mental experiences into their component parts. a. Behaviorism b. Functionalism c. Structuralism d. Semanticism 4. __D____ founded the American Psychological Association in ______. a. Edward Titchener, 1810 b. William James, 1799 c. John Watson, 1921 d. Stanley Hall, 1892 5. B. F. Skinner believed that behavior is shaped by ___D____. a. Feelings and imitation b. Learned experiences c. Parents and teachers d. Rewards and punishments 6. Gestalt psychology studies ways in which the brain _A_____. a. Organizes and structures our perceptions of the world b. Conducts neural impulses 2 c. Facilitates the learning of language d. All of the above 7. Sigmund Freud believed that the unconscious aspect of the mind contained ___D_____. a. Abnormal brain tissue b. Creative musical talents c. Problem solving skills d. Primitive sexual and aggressive dirives 8. Humanistic psychologists believe that __E____ are essential aspects of the human experience. a. Free will b. Conscious choices c. Self awareness d. Meaning and purpose e. All of the above 9. Positive psychology focuses on _A______. a. Self-actualization and creativity b. Emotional problems c. Drug addiction d. Traumatic stress e. None of the above 10. __C______ use specialized tests to evaluate the cognitive effects of brain injuries and strokes. a. Educational psychologists b. Personality psychologists c. Clinical neuropsychologists d. Counseling psychologists 11. A(n) __C_____ is a precise prediction about the outcomes of an experiment. a. Theory b. Fact c. Hypothesis d. Evidence 12. __B_____ is an important factor in drawing conclusions from completed studies. 3 a. Developing a research question b. Altering a variable c. Replication d. Application 13. When using the survey method, researchers often use the _A_____ technique. a. Random sampling b. Social sampling c. Approximate sampling d. Structured sampling 14. The correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of _A_______ between two ______. a. Association, variables b. Agreement, theories c. Dissociation, hypotheses d. Causation, facts 15. Correlational studies allow scientists to make predictions. B a. True b. False 16. Factors that are manipulated in an experiment are called _B______. a. Operational variables b. Independent variables c. Dependent variables d. Placebo variables 17. __E____ receive messages from adjacent neurons. a. Cell bodies b. Cell nuclei c. Axons d. Terminal buttons e. Dendrites 18. __B_____ are the most common type of neurons. a. Motor neurons b. Sensory neurons c. Somatic neurons d. Interneurons 4 19. Myelin sheath is formed by _A_____. a. Cells of Ranvier b. Nerve cells c. Neurotransmitters d. Glial cells e. Synaptic cells 20. The process of depolarization involves the influx of __B____ into the neuron. a. Positively charged potassium ions b. Positively charged sodium ions c. Negatively charged chloride ions d. Negatively charged calcium ions e. Both ‘c’ and ‘d’ 21. ___A_____ are called _______ because they block receptor sites for dopamine, and therefore control symptoms of hallucinations and delusions. a. Antipsychotic drugs, antagonists b. Neuromodulators, agonists c. Stimulant drugs, antagonists d. Antagonist drugs, inhibitors 22. A spinal reflex must involve at least __B_____ neuron(s). a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four 23. Which of the following statements is true? C a. We only use about 10% of our brain b. The cerebellum is located in the forebrain c. Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain d. The reticular formation is located in the hindbrain 24. The __E_____ is a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres. a. Cerebral cortex b. Limbic system c. Basal ganglia d. Pons 5 e. Corpus callosum 25. The __D_____ plays an important role in the formation of new memories. a. Medulla b. Amygdala c. Thalamus d. Hippocampus e. Cerebellum 26. The _D____ lobes process auditory information, giving rise to sensations of sound. a. Frontal b. Occipital c. Parietal d. Temporal 27. Which of the following is a recording technique used to study the brain? C a. Magnetic resonance imaging b. Positron emission tomography c. Electroencephalograph d. Computed tomography scan 28. __A____ concepts clearly define category membership. a. Logical b. Precise c. Natural d. Boundary 29. A(n) __A____ is a step-by-step set of rules for solving a problem. a. Algorithm b. Examplar c. Heuristic d. Formulation 30. Which of the following is(are) a roadblock(s) to problem solving? E a. Functional fixedness b. Mental set c. Subgoals d. Representativeness e. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ 6 31. There is a positive correlation between intelligence and creativity. A a. True b. False 32. __B____ are a set of rules governing the meaning of words. a. Grammatical constructs b. Semantics c. Syntax d. Phonemes 33. The word pretended contains __B____ morphemes. a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Five 34. Infants between the ages of __B____ begin to demonstrate the use of phonemes. a. Two to three months b. Six to twelve months c. Fifteen to eighteen months d. Two to three years 35. Who originated the type of intelligence test used today by psychologists? C a. David Brenner b. Antoine Bender c. Alfred Binet d. Andrew Berman 36. What is the formula for IQ? C a. IQ = MAXCA/100 b. IQ = MAXCAX100 c. IQ = MA/CAX100 d. IQ = CA/MAX100 37. Reliability refers to the __A______. a. Consistency of test scores over time b. Degree to which a test measures what it purports to measure c. Standardization of a test 7 d. Population norms related to a test 38. Culture-fair tests can predict academic performance as well as standard IQ tests. B a. True b. False 39. Individuals with an IQ range of 50 – 69 are able to acquire reading and arithmetic skills to about a ___B___ grade level. a. Second b. Third c. Fifth d. Sixth 40. Adoptee studies have consistently shown that the IQ scores of adopted children are closer to those of their biological parents than to those of their adoptive parents. B a. True b. False