Psych Test Prep Unit 7

Psych Test prep Unit 7 Pgs 329-346 - - Motivations can be inborn or learned Biological motives: physical needs Stimulus motives: need for information and stimulation Learned motives: goals and learned needs Theory of motivation description Strength weakness instinct Behavior that helps further the species is passed on Explains behavioral similarities Explains nonhuman behavior well but not human behavior Drive reduction Deficiencies drive us to behave in a way to maintain homeostasis Explains basic needs Too simple to explain complex behaviors incentives Behavior is motivated by external stimuli Based on well established learning principles Does not take internal stimuli into account arousal(YerkesDodson) Organisms are motivated to maintain optimal level of arousal Explains arousal needed for tasks Does not explain more complex motivations Hierarchy of needs(maslow) Incorporates level of needs Recognizes importance of environment and both physiological and psychological needs Lacks evidence Can complete upper levels before lower levels Fixed action patterns are instincts that once started are completed Incentives are pulling behaviors while drives are pushing - Hunger is stimulated by ghrelin and orexin The unger is stopped when an anorexigenic- leptin and peptide yy Each person has a set weight point that their body stays around based off basal metabolic rate( expenditure at rest) - Sexual motivation is motivation to have sex Connected to hormones released by gonads Sexual responses occur on a cycle Sexuality occurs on scale - Balance theory states that humans need congruence and are motivated by desire for social balance Type of conflict Approach- approach explanation Choice between two good things Avoid- avoid Choice between two bad things Approach- avoid Where option has both pros and cons Multiple approach- avoid Choice between two or more options with byth pros and cons - Intrinsic: internal motivation extrinsic : external motivation Overjustification effect: if reward is introduced to intrinsically motivated action the drive for the action decreases EMOTION Name reaction Common sense Stimulus→ feeling→ response James Lange Stimulus→ response→ feeling Cannon- Bard Stimulus→ response and feeling at the same time Schachter Stimulus→ response→ thinking→ feeling - - When someone makes a face associated with an emotion they feel said emotion: facial feedback hypothesis Emotional intelligence is the ability to be able to identify your own and someone else's emotions Facial expressions demonstrate the same emotion in each culture - Some cultures are less likely to show negative emotions and may mask them Emotions can be communicated nonverbally - Posture and stance - Gestures and movements - Proximity to others - No linguistic parts of speech - Pictures made by person Micro expressions can reveal true feelings Stress can be both positive and negative Eustress is positive stress that leads to success Stressor is a condition that challenges a person - Traumatic stressors cause emotional pain or injurt - - Frustration is low level stressors When people encounter stressors they decide if the stressor is important(primary) and if they can fix it(secondary): appraisal theory People go through GAS when stressed(general adaption syndrome) where the first are alarmed and find out what the stress is and how to stop it, then they resist by doing said things, and finally the go through exhaustion where they have used all their resources Long term exhaustion is called burnout Chronic stress is when fight or flight doesn’t turn off coping explanation emotion Control neg emotions problem Fixing situation appraisal Put positive spin on things - Type a: competitive, hard working, aggressive and full of tension Type b: relaxed, don’t have to win Disease prone personality: neg mood, anxious, hostile, and ill Healing personality: emotionally secure, health, enthusiastic about life - A persons lifestyle can affect their health