Psychological Disorders Answer Part 4

113. Compared with men, women are much more likely to be diagnosed as suffering from A) mania. B) bipolar disorder. C) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. D) depression. Ans: D 114. Which of the following disorders typically occurs in periodic episodes that eventually terminate by themselves even without professional help? A) bipolar disorder B) linkage analysis C) major depressive disorder D) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Ans: C 115. Recovery from a major depressive episode is likely to be permanent the ________ the first episode appears and the ________ the number of previous episodes. A) earlier; fewer B) earlier; greater C) later; fewer D) later; greater Ans: C 116. Stressful life events like the loss of a job are most likely to increase one's risk of A) bipolar disorder. B) depression. C) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. D) linkage analysis. Ans: B Page 27 117. Jeremy has responded to the stress of his parents' divorce with excessive alcohol consumption and withdrawal from friends, family, and other sources of social support. These behaviors are most likely to place Jeremy at a heightened level of risk for A) bipolar disorder. B) major depressive disorder. C) mania. D) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Ans: B 118. The incidence of major depression is greatest among those A) raised together with a nontwin sibling who suffers the disorder. B) raised apart from a fraternal twin who suffers the disorder. C) raised together with a fraternal twin who suffers the disorder. D) raised apart from an identical twin who suffers the disorder. Ans: D 119. To identify genes that put people at risk for depression, researchers have used A) fMRI scans. B) linkage analysis. C) PET scans. D) the DSM-5. Ans: B 120. Severely depressed individuals are especially likely to show reduced brain activity in the A) right frontal lobe. B) left frontal lobe. C) white matter. D) ventricles. Ans: B 121. In terms of neurotransmitter levels, depression is associated with A) high norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels. B) low norepinephrine levels and high serotonin levels. C) high norepinephrine levels and high serotonin levels. D) low norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels. Ans: D Page 28 122. People who eat a “Mediterranean Diet” that is heavy on vegetables, fish, and olive oil have a comparatively low risk of developing A) depression. B) mania. C) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. D) bipolar disorder. Ans: A 123. Learned helplessness is most closely associated with the development of A) depression. B) mania. C) bipolar disorder. D) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Ans: A 124. Research suggests that women are more vulnerable to depression than men because women tend to overthink, to linger mentally on negative events. This suggestion best illustrates a ________ perspective. A) learning B) biological C) linkage analysis D) social-cognitive Ans: D 125. Compulsive fretting and overthinking about problems and their causes are characteristic of A) rumination. B) learned helplessness. C) linkage analysis. D) explanatory style. Ans: A Page 29 126. During an argument, Adele told her sister that she hated her. Even after her sister told her that she did not take it seriously and to forget about it, Adele continued to worry about it, which interfered with her job and family responsibilities. Adele's worry illustrates A) rumination. B) learned helplessness. C) linkage analysis. D) explanatory style. Ans: A 127. When Tory's boyfriend tells her that he is going to Las Vegas with his friends for a week, she immediately begins to think about her ex-husband's affair in Las Vegas. She also recalled all the times her ex-husband deceived her, and so she became depressed and angry about her boyfriend's trip to Las Vegas. Tory's recollections illustrate A) state-dependent memory. B) rumination. C) a pessimistic explanatory style. D) learned helplessness. Ans: B 128. Self-blaming attributions are most likely to be associated with A) mania. B) bipolar disorder. C) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. D) depression. Ans: D 129. Inanna suffers from chronic depression. According to the social-cognitive perspective, how is she most likely to respond when told that she performed very poorly on a test she took the previous day? A) “I'm academically incompetent and always will be.” B) “Yesterday was just my unlucky day.” C) “I suspect that none of the students in my class did well on that test.” D) “Hardly any of the professors are effective teachers.” Ans: A Page 30 130. Failures are most likely to lead to depression if they are explained in terms that are A) internal, temporary, and specific. B) external, temporary, and global. C) internal, stable, and global. D) external, stable, and specific. Ans: C 131. A therapist believes that Chet is chronically depressed because he takes too little credit for his many achievements and assumes too much responsibility for his few failures. The therapist's interpretation reflects a ________ perspective. A) learning B) social-cognitive C) epigenetic D) biological Ans: B 132. Ruby and Myron have ended their relationship, and Ruby blames herself for the break-up because she views herself as unlikeable and unattractive. She sees herself as lacking in the type of personality and intelligence to keep a boyfriend for a long-term relationship. Ruby tells her friends that her life is ruined and she should just leave the university and go home. Ruby's attributions for the break-up illustrate A) a pessimistic explanatory style. B) an optimistic explanatory style. C) learned helplessness. D) linkage analysis. Ans: A 133. The vicious cycle of depression is often initiated by A) unrealistic optimism. B) excessive levels of norepinephrine. C) stressful life experiences. D) external attributions of blame. Ans: C Page 31 134. One way for people to break the vicious cycle of depression is to A) accept more personal responsibility for their own bad moods. B) spend more time in quiet rest, seclusion, and personal meditation. C) frequently talk to their friends about their negative thoughts and depressive feelings. D) participate more often in activities they consider pleasant and rewarding. Ans: D 135. Suicide rates are ________ among the rich than the poor, and they are ________ among young men than old men. A) higher; higher B) lower; lower C) higher; lower D) lower; higher Ans: C 136. Women are ________ likely than men to attempt suicide. Men are ________ likely than women to actually end their lives. A) more; more B) less; less C) more; less D) less; more Ans: A 137. Compared with those who suffer no disorder, those with alcohol use disorder have a ________ risk of committing suicide. Compared with the general population, those who have been depressed have a ________ risk of committing suicide. A) higher; higher B) lower; lower C) higher; lower D) lower; higher Ans: A Page 32 138. Such behaviors as cutting one's skin, hitting oneself, or pulling one's hair out are examples of A) mania. B) nonsuicidal self-injury. C) rumination. D) linkage analysis. Ans: B 139. Relieving guilt through self-punishment is one of the motives for A) bipolar disorder. B) rumination. C) nonsuicidal self-injury. D) mania. Ans: C 140. Which of the following has been shown to be a risk factor for future suicide attempts? A) OCD B) PTSD C) DID D) NSSI Ans: D 141. Which severe disorder(s) is(are) characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished emotional expression? A) anxiety disorders B) dissociative disorders C) personality disorders D) schizophrenia Ans: D 142. Which of the following is considered to be a psychosis? A) antisocial personality disorder B) schizophrenia C) obsessive-compulsive disorder D) anorexia nervosa Ans: B Page 33 143. Mr. Kalish, a long-term government employee, falsely believed that his supervisor was a communist agent who was putting poison in the employees' coffee. When Mr. Kalish was referred to a psychiatrist, he claimed to be the grandson of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Kalish is most likely suffering from A) dissociative identity disorder. B) agoraphobia. C) schizophrenia. D) panic disorder. Ans: C 144. False beliefs of persecution that may accompany schizophrenia are called A) obsessions. B) compulsions. C) delusions. D) hallucinations. Ans: C 145. Thirty-year-old Nellie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She is unable to ignore irrelevant stimuli, often giving her undivided attention to minutia (for example, a spotlight shining in a window). This type of attention problem is thought to contribute to A) hallucinations. B) disorganized thoughts. C) flat affect. D) inappropriate emotions. Ans: B 146. Dre has paranoid delusions in which he believes all people with glasses are spying on him and hears voices telling him that he should hurt himself in order keep the spies away. Dre, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia, is demonstrating A) positive symptoms. B) catatonia. C) selective attention. D) negative symptoms. Ans: A Page 34