Stimulus Control Discrimination and Generalization

True/False 1. The effects of reinforcement, extinction and punishment are relatively situation specific. ANSWER: 1. b. Truc False 2. Behaviors usually occur at random and are rarely under stimulus control. b. True False True ANSWER: False 3. Stimulus control is developed by stimulus discrimination training. L True b. False ANSWER: 4. The presence of a discriminative stimulus causes a behavior to occur. L b. True False Truc ANSWER: False 5. Stimulus discrimination training may also occur with punishment. True b. False ANSWER: True 6. A behavior is less likely to occur in the presence of the S True b. False ANSWER: False 7. A behavior is more likely to occur in the presence of the S. True b. False ANSWER. True 8. A behavior is less likely to occur in the presence of the S-delta. True b. False ANSWER: 9. A behavior is more likely to occur in the presence of the S-delta. ANSWER: b. True False True False 10. Generalization is associated with broad stimulus control. True b. False True ANSWER: Multiple Choice 11. In behavior modification, the stimulus that is present when a behavior occurs is referred to as a(n): a. antecedent b. consequence cause d. reinforcer ANSWER: 12. Which of the following is NOT one of the ABCs of operant behavior? 1. cause b. consequence с. antecedent d. behavior a ANSWER: 13. Understanding the antecedents of operant behavior provides information on the circumstances in which the behavior was: reinforced b. not reinforced C. punished d. all of these ANSWER d 14. If the effects of reinforcement, extinction, and punishment occur in some situations but not in others, the effects are said to be: generalized b. situation-specific 0. isolated d. intermittent ANSWER: b 15. Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him because they tell him he is cool. Bill's behavior of driving over the speed limit only when his friends are with him is said to be under control. situational b. operant C. isolated d. stimulus ANSWER: d 16. A group of stimuli having the same functional effect on a certain behavior are said to belong to a stimulus: b. group class category ANSWER: b d. contingency 17. Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him because they tell him he is cool. He doesn't speed when his parents or girlfriend are in the car because they don't say it's cool. What is the S in this example? parents b. girlfriend C friends d. parents and girlfriend ANSWER: 18. Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him because they tell him he is cool. He doesn't speed when his parents or girlfriend are in the car because they don't say it's cool. What is the S-delta in this example? parents b. girlfriend C friends d. parents and girlfriend ANSWER: 19. Whenever Tommy has a babysitter and asks to stay up past his bedtime, the babysitter lets him. Whenever Tommy asks his parents to let him stay up past his bedtime, they do not let him. As a result, Tommy only asks the babysitter if he can stay up past his bedtime. The presence of the babysitter at bed time is referred to as a(n) stay up late: for asking to stimulus class b. S-delta C. reinforcer d. discriminative stimulus ANSWER: 20. Whenever Tommy has a babysitter and asks to stay up past his bedtime, the babysitter lets him. Whenever Tommy asks his parents to let him stay up past his bedtime, they do not let him. As a result, Tommy only asks the babysitter if he can stay up past his bedtime. The presence of the parents at bed time is referred to as a(n) up late: for asking to stay stimulus class b. S-delta C. reinforcer d. discriminative stimulus ANSWER: b 21. When Mary asks her Mom to take her to the shopping mall, her Mom usually takes her. Whenever Mary asks her Dad to take her to the mall he refuses. As a result, Mary only asks her Mom to take her to the mall. The process that has resulted in Mary only asking her Mom to take her to the mall is called: a. classical conditioning d d b. stimulus discrimination training respondent conditioning d. reinforcement ANSWER: b 22. When the family dog licks the faces of the children in the family, they laugh and give the dog a treat. When the dog licks the faces of the parents, they scold the dog. As a result, the dog no longer licks the faces of the parents, but continues to lick the faces of the children. The parents' faces would be an example of a(n) their faces: for the dog licking negative reinforcer b. S-delta C. unconditioned stimulus d. discriminative stimulus ANSWER: 23. When the family dog licks the faces of the children in the family, they laugh and give the dog a treat. When the dog licks the faces of the parents, they scold the dog. As a result, the dog no longer licks the faces of the parents, but continues to lick the faces of the children. The children's faces would be an example of a(n) their faces: for the dog licking negative reinforcer S-delta b. C. unconditioned stimulus d. discriminative stimulus ANSWER: 24. Which of the following is involved in stimulus discrimination training? a. when the discriminative stimulus is present the behavior is reinforced b. when the S-delta is present the behavior gets reinforced c. the discriminative stimulus controls the behavior d. all of these ANSWER: 25. As a result of stimulus discrimination training, the presence of the discriminative stimulus: signals that the behavior will be reinforced b. signals that the behavior will not be reinforced C. causes an alternative behavior to occur d. A and C ANSWER: 26. Which of the following is developed through discrimination training? reading b. spelling C. obeying traffic signals d. all of these d b ANSWER: d 27. When Mark swears around his friends they laugh, but when he swears around his parents they ground him. As a result, Mark is less likely to swear when his parents are around. Mark's behavior of not swearing around his parents is a result of a. discrimination training b generalization 3 reinforcement d. A and C ANSWER 28. In behavior modification, a three-term contingency involves a(n): antecedent-behavior-consequence b. all behavioral consequences C. antecedent- behavior-contingency d. all of these ANSWER: 29. Stimulus discrimination training can occur as a result of reinforcement b. punishment C. extinction d all of these d d ANSWER: 30. Which of the following shows the correct sequence in a three-term contingency? discriminative stimulus, response, consequence b. consequence, response, discriminative stimulus C. response, consequence, discriminative stimulus d. discriminative stimulus, consequence, response ANSWER: 31. In behavior modification, when a certain behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the discriminative stimulus during stimulus discrimination training, has occurred. expansion b. refinement c. discrimination d. generalization ANSWER: 32. A behavior is more likely to occur in the presence of stimuli that are more similar to the discriminative stimulus than it is in the presence of stimuli that are less similar to the discriminative stimulus. This is called a: stimulus class b. generalization gradient C. cause-effect relationship d. discrimination gradient ANSWER: 33. Generalization is associated with stimulus control. strong b b. d. unique broad specific ANSWER 34. Darin cheers at a football game when his hometown team scores, and his Dad gives him a high five. Darin later begins cheering with his Dad at basketball, baseball, and hockey games when his hometown teams score. This is an example of Darin's cheering behavior to other situations. a. discriminating b, generalizing C narrowing d. expanding ANSWER: 35. When you tell jokes and your friends laugh, you are more likely to tell jokes to your friends. Your friends are for telling jokes. discriminative stimuli b. S-deltas C punishers d. conditioned stimuli ANSWER 36. The relationship between an antecedent, behavior, and consequence is referred to as a(n): H three term contract b three term contingency stimulus control d. three way interaction b ANSWER: b 37. takes place when a behavior is more likely to occur in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the discriminative stimulus. a reinforcement b. generalization C. discrimination training d. discrimination ANSWER: 38. develops as a result of stimulus discrimination training. reinforcement b. punishment stimulus control d. expectancy b ANSWER: 39. Stimulus control develops as a result of classical conditioning b. stimulus discrimination training C. stimulus differentiation d. conditioned stimulus training ANSWER: 40. What happens when a discriminative stimulus is present? it has no influence over the behavior b. it makes the behavior less likely to occur it inhibits the behavior d. it makes the behavior more likely to occur ANSWER: Completion 41. A stimulus that precedes a behavior is referred to as a(n) antecedent ANSWER: b 42. When a behavior is more likely to occur only when a specific antecedent stimulus is present, the behavior is under ANSWER: stimulus control 43. When the stop light turns green, you go and when it is red, you don't go. The red light acts as a(n) going and the green light acts as a(n) for going. for ANSWER: S-delta; SD or SD 44. A three-term-contingency involves a relationship between ANSWER: antecedent, behavior, consequence 45. occurs when a behavior occurs in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the SD. ANSWER: generalization 46. When a(n) is present the behavior is more likely to occur. ANSWER: SD, SD 47. When a(n) is present the behavior is less likely to occur. ANSWER: S-delta 48. A(n) is the stimulus that is present when a behavior is reinforced. ANSWER: SD, SD 49. A(n) is the stimulus that is present when the behavior is not reinforced. ANSWER: S-delta 50. is the process in which the behavior is reinforced in the presence of the SD and not reinforced in the presence of the S-delta. ANSWER: Stimulus discrimination training and Subjective Short Answer 51. What is a discriminative stimulus? ANSWER: Discriminative stimulus is the antecedent stimulus that is present when a behavior is reinforced. 52. What are the 2 steps involved in stimulus discrimination training? ANSWER: The following two steps are involved in stimulus discrimination training: a) When the discriminative stimulus (S) is present, the behavior is reinforced; and b) When any other antecedent stimuli are present except SD, the behavior does not get reinforced. 53. What is an S-delta? ANSWER: Any antecedent stimulus that is present when the behavior does not get reinforced is an S-delta. 54. How is stimulus control developed? ANSWER: Through stimulus discrimination training. Stimulus control is the increased probability that the behavior will occur in the presence of the SD 55. Provide an example of stimulus discrimination training. Identify the S and the S-delta ANSWER: When Kelley's cousin (SP) is working at the ice cream stand, Kelley gets free ice cream (reinforcer). When anyone else (S-delta) is working, Kelley does not get free ice cream (extinction). As a result, Kelley only stops at the ice cream stand when her cousin is working