Which of the Following Best Describes Sociology as a Subject

Quiz chapter 1 1. Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject? a) the study of individual behaviour b) the study of cultures c) the study of society and social interaction d) the study of economics 2. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals. a) culture b) imagination c) method d) tool 3. A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who: a) interact. b) work in the same industry. c) speak different languages. d) practice a recognized religion. 4. Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to: a) compare the behaviour of individuals from different societies. b) compare one society to another. c) identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure. d) compare individuals to groups. 5. Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology? a) astrology b) economics c) physics d) history 6. Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle? a) Émile Comte b) Karl Marx c) Plato d) Herbert Spencer 7. The difference between positivism and interpretive sociology relates to: a) b) c) d) whether individuals like or dislike their society. whether research methods use statistical data or person-to-person research. whether sociological studies can predict or improve society. all of the above. 8. Which would a quantitative sociologists use to gather data? a) a large survey b) a literature search c) an in-depth interview d) a review of television programs 9. Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were influenced by: a) drugs. b) their culture. c) their genetic makeup. d) the researcher. 10. Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro-level? a) structural functionalism b) conflict theory c) positivism d) symbolic interactionism 11. Who believed that the history of society was one of class struggle? a) Émile Durkheim b) Karl Marx c) Erving Goffmann d) George Herbert Mead 12. Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism? a) Herbert Blumer b) Max Weber c) Lester F. Ward d) W. I. Thomas 13. A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to: a) behaviours. b) conflicts. c) human organs. d) theatrical roles. 14. Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? a) surveys b) participant observation c) quantitative data analysis d) none of the above 15. Which sociologist described sociology as the study of social forms? a) b) c) d) Martineau Simmel Weber Becker 16. Studying Sociology helps people analyze data because they learn: a) interview techniques. b) to apply statistics. c) to generate theories. d) all of the above. 17. Berger describes sociologists as concerned with: a) b) c) d) monumental moments in people’s lives. common everyday life events. both a and b. none of the above. Quiz chapter 2 1. Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies? a. hunter-gatherer b. industrial c. agricultural d. feudal 2. According to Marx, the _____ own the means of production in a society. a. proletariat b. vassals c. bourgeoisie d. anomie 3. Which of the following best depicts Marx’s concept of alienation from the process of one’s labour? a. A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way. b. A businessman feels that he deserves a raise, but is nervous to ask his manager for one; instead, he comforts himself with the idea that hard work is its own reward. c. An associate professor is afraid that she won’t be given tenure and starts spreading rumours about one of her associates to make herself look better. d. A construction worker is laid off and takes a job at a fast food restaurant temporarily, although he has never had an interest in preparing food before. 4. The Protestant work ethic is based on the concept of predestination, which states that ________. a. performing good deeds in life is the only way to secure a spot in Heaven. b. salvation is only achievable through obedience to God. c. no person can be saved before he or she accepts Jesus Christ as his or her saviour. d. God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned. 5. The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers? a. Max Weber b. Karl Marx c. Émile Durkheim d. Friedrich Engels 6. Émile Durkheim’s ideas about society can best be described as ________. a. functionalist. b. conflict theorist. c. symbolic interactionist. d. rationalist. QUIZ chapter 3 1. The terms ____ and ____ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them: 2. The American flag is a material object that denotes the United States of America; however, there are certain connotations that many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom? 3. The belief that one’s culture is superior to another culture is called? 4. Rodney and Elise are American students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney’s host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of: 5. Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humour, joy, or pleasure. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of: 6. A nation’s flag is: 7. The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform ____, otherwise known as a way to encourage social conformity. 8. The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that: 9. The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by: 10. Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society: 11. The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture? 12. Modern-day hipsters are an example of: 13. Your 83-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send emails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every email to respond point by point, but she has never emailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of: 14. The occupy wall street movement of 2011 grew to be an international movement. Supporters believe that the economic disparity between the highest economic class and the mid to lower economic classes is growing at an exponentially alarming rate. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between members that occupy camps would most likely use what theoretical approach? 15. What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts? Quiz chapter 4 1. Socialization, as a sociological term, describes: a. How people interact during social situations. b. How people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values. c. A person’s internal mental state when in a group setting. d. The difference between introverts and extroverts. 2. The Harlows’ study on rhesus monkeys showed: a. Rhesus monkeys raised by other primate species are poorly socialized. b. Monkeys can be adequately socialized by imitating humans. c. Food is more important than social comfort. d. Social comfort is more important than food. 3. What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg’s conventional level? a. Children develop the ability to have abstract thoughts. b. Morality is developed by pain and pleasure. c. Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral. d. Parental beliefs have no influence on children’s morality. 4. What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked? a. The justice perspective b. Sympathetic reactions to moral situations c. The perspective of females d. How social environment affects how morality develops 5. What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology? a. Psychology focuses on the mind, while sociology focuses on society. b. Psychologists are interested in mental health, while sociologists are interested in societal functions. c. Psychologists look inward to understand behaviour, while sociologists look outward. d. All of the above. 6. How did nearly complete isolation as a child affect Danielle’s verbal abilities? a. She could not communicate at all. b. She never learned words, but she did learn signs. c. She could not understand much, but she could use gestures. d. She could understand and use basic language like “yes” and “no.” 7. Why do sociologists need to be careful when drawing conclusions from twin studies? a. The results do not apply to singletons. b. The twins were often raised in different ways. c. The twins may turn out to actually be fraternal. d. The sample sizes are often small. 8. From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization? a. Gender b. Class c. Blood type d. Race 9. Chris Langan’s story illustrates that: a. Children raised in one-parent households tend to have higher IQs. b. Intelligence is more important than socialization. c. Socialization can be more important than intelligence. d. Neither socialization nor intelligence affects college admissions. 10. Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving? a. Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment. b. Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules. c. Wealthy parents never engage in repetitive tasks. d. Wealthy parents are more concerned with money than with a good education. 11. How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce? a. With a standardized curriculum b. Through the hidden curriculum c. By socializing them in teamwork d. All of the above 12. Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion? a. People learn the material culture of their religion. b. Life stages and roles are connected to religious celebrations. c. An individual’s personal, internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith. d. Places of worship provide a space for shared group experiences. 13. Which of the following is a manifest function of schools? a. Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent b. Learning to read and write c. Following a schedule d. Knowing locker room etiquette 14. Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization? a. School b. Family c. Mass media d. Workplace 15. Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Canadians must be socialized to new roles? a. Infancy b. School age c. Adulthood d. Senior citizen 16. Which of the following is true regarding Canadian socialization of recent high school graduates? a. They are expected to take a year off before college. b. They are required to serve in the military for one year. c. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation. d. They are required to move away from their parents. Quiz 1. Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined? a. Deviance is defined by federal, provincial, and local laws. b. Deviance’s definition is determined by one’s religion. c. Deviance occurs whenever someone else is harmed by an action. d. Deviance is socially defined. 2. In 1946, Viola Desmond was arrested for refusing to sit in the blacks-only section of the cinema in Nova Scotia. This is an example of______________. a. A consensus crime b. A conflict crime c. A social deviation d. A social diversion 3. A student has a habit of texting during class. One day, the professor stops his lecture and asks her to respect the other students in the class by turning off her phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control. a. Informal positive sanctions b. Formal negative sanction c. Informal negative sanctions d. Formal positive sanctions 4. Societies practise social control to maintain ________. a. Formal sanctions b. Social order c. Cultural deviance d. Sanction labelling 5. School discipline obliges students to sit in rows and listen to lessons quietly in order for them to learn. This strategy of education demonstrates_______. a. Compensatory social control b. Formal sanctions c. Docility d. Positive sanctions 6. A student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in five minutes. She jumps into her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that she is running late, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The student’s actions are an example of _________. a. Primary deviance b. Positive deviance c. Secondary deviance d. Master deviance 7. According to critical sociology, which of the following people is most likely to commit a crime of accommodation? a. A student struggling to get better grades b. An addict who sees a stack of CDs in an unlocked car c. A professor who is tempted to publish someone else’s work as his own d. A mechanic who dislikes a customer 8. According to social disorganization theory, where is crime most likely to occur? a. A community where neighbours don’t know each other very well b. A neighbourhood with mostly elderly citizens c. A city with a large minority population d. A college campus with students who are very competitive 9. Symbolic interactionists argue that crime is linked primarily to ________. a. Power b. Master status c. Family values d. Wealth 10. According to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as Charlie Sheen commit a crime? a. His parents committed similar crimes b. His fame protects him from retribution c. His fame disconnects him from society d. He is challenging socially accepted norms 11. A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labelling theory explain this? a. The offender has been labelled deviant by society and has accepted this master status. b. The offender has returned to his old neighbourhood and so re-established his former habits. c. The offender has lost the social bonds he made in prison and feels disconnected from society. d. The offender is poor and coping with conditions of oppression and inequality 12. ______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______ result in a person being labelled a deviant. a. Secondary; does not b. Negative; does c. Primary; does not d. Primary; may or may not 13. Which of the following is an example of corporate crime? a. Embezzlement b. Larceny c. Assault d. Burglary 14. Spousal abuse is an example of a ________. a. Street crime b. Corporate crime c. Violent crime d. Nonviolent crime 15. Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in Canada? a. Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing. b. Rates of violent crimes are decreasing, but there are more nonviolent crimes now than ever before. c. Crime rates have skyrocketed since the 1970s due to lax court rulings. d. Rates of street crime have gone up, but corporate crime has gone down. 16. What is a disadvantage of crime victimization surveys? a. They do not include demographic data, such as age or gender. b. They may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones. c. They do not address the relationship between the criminal and the victim. d. They only include information collected by police officers.