Haircutting: Head Anatomy and Reference Points (Chapter 16)

Ch. 16 Exam Question Surfaces on the head where the head changes, such as the ears, jawline, and occipital bones, and referred to as . Reference points in a haircut are used to establish . Achieving balance within a design can be accomplished by understanding the and reference points. What is the widest part of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown, that can be found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head? What bone protrudes at the base of the skull? The is the highest point on the top of the head, and can be located easily by placing a comb on top of the head and noticing that the comb is resting on the highest point. The location of the four corners signals a change in . The two front corners represent the widest part of the . Hair that grows below the parietal ridge, or crest, hangs because of . What area of the head is located between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge? The area is defined as the area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone. Be making a parting or drawing a line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can locate the of the head, which consists of all the hair that falls naturally behind the ear. What is the triangular section of head that being at the apex and ends at the front corners? A(n) is a thin, continuous mark, curved or straight, used as a guide while cutting hair. What is the working area of the hair that is separated prior to cutting? A(n) is created when the space between two lines or surfaces intersects at a given point. An important element in creating a strong foundation and consistency in haircutting and creating shapes is the use of . The three types of straight lines in haircutting include horizontal, vertical, and lines. What type of haircutting lines are parallel to the floor and relative to the horizon? What type of haircutting lines are perpendicular to the horizon, and are used to remove weight to create graduated or layered haircuts, and higher elevations? lines in a haircut are those that lie between the horizontal and vertical, have a slanting or sloping direction, and help to blend long layers into short layers to create fullness. , or stacking, involves using diagonal line to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length. For control during haircutting, the hair is parted into working areas called . What is the line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section from another to create subsections? ,also known as projection or lifting, is the degree at which a subsection of hair is held from the head when cutting. Elevation creates graduation and layers, and is usually described in . What is the elevation, or degrees, contained in a blunt or one-length haircut? When the hair is elevated , you are building weight in a haircut. What hair type requires less elevation and should be left a bit longer when cutting because of shrinkage as it dries? occurs when the hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying. The angle at which the fingers are held when cutting the line that creates the shape is referred to as the . A(n) , also known as a guide, is a subsection of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut, and is usually the first section cut when creating a shape. Which guideline is used in a blunt, one-length haircut, or used in over-direction to create a length of weight increase? Which guideline involves a small slice of a pervious subsection that is moved to the next position and becomes the new guideline? Answer Reference Points Design Lines Head Shape Parietal Ridge Occipital Bone Apex Head Shape Bang area Gravity Crown Nape Back Bang Area Line Section Angle Angles Diagonal Horizontal Lines Vertical Lines Diagonal Graduating Sections Parting Elevation Degrees 0 Below 90 degrees Curly Hair Shrinkage Cutting line Guideline Stationary Traveling guideline What technique should be used to create a length increase in the design of graduated and layered haircuts? If you want hair to be longer toward the front on a layered haircut, over-direct the sections to a stationary guide at the . A is a conversation between you and your client when you find out what the client is looking for, offer suggestions and professional advice, and come to a joint decision about the most suitable haircut. You can begin to make decisions about the best haircut for a client by analyzing his or her . A client's is how he or she looks from the side and can be best viewed by pulling the hair away from the face and up and away from the neck. The is the direction in which hair grows from the scalp and is also called the natural falling position. Cowlicks and whorls are examples of that will affect where the hair ends up once its dry, especially in the nape. You should use the , degree of tension when cutting hair with strong growth patterns, or around the ears, to compensate for the hair being pushed up when it dries. Hair , is the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 cm2) of scalp and is usually described as thin, medium, or thick. Hair is based on the thickness or diameter of each hair strand, usually classified as coarse, medium, and fine. Which description is most accurate of fine, thin hair? The , or the amount of movement in the hair strand, varies from client to client, as well as within the same head of hair. shears, also known as scissors, are mainly used to cut blunt or straight line in hair, to slide cut, point cut, or to implement other texturizing techniques. Which type of shear is used mainly to remove bulk from the hair, and is often referred to as a thinning shear, tapering shear, or notching shear? Shears that are designed to remove more hair, with larger teeth set farther apart, are known as . Which type of comb is used mainly to detangle the hair? The comb used for close tapers on the nape and sides, and when using a scissor-overcomb technique, is a . Which three countries are primarily responsible for manufacturing the steel used to make professional shears? The indicate the method of gauging the hardness of the metal (steel) of an individual shear in order to ensure that it maintains a sharp edge for an extended period of time. What is the ideal Rockwell hardness of a shear? Professional shears are made by either casting or forging the steel. Which process is best for ensuring shear durability, ease of adjustment or repair, and highest quality? A tension in your shears that is too , will allow your shears to fold the hair. Before purchasing , the stylist should inquire about the manufacturing, steel quality, and the right blade edge. reduces strain on the index finger and thumb while cutting the hair. In a haircut, also known as a one-length, all of the hair comes to a single-hanging level forming a weight line. The , is the visual line in the haircut where the ends of the hair hang together. Haircuts that generally have less weight than graduated haircuts are called . A(n) , is a basic haircut, cut at a 90-degree elevation ad then over-direction to maintain length and weight at the perimeter. The technique used to check a haircut for precision of line and shape is called . should not be used on curly hair because it weakens the cuticle and causes the hair to frizz. It is important to work with the natural , or where and how hair is moved over the head, when locating the bang area. Which method involves cutting or layering the hair in such a way that the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length? The process of removing excess bulk without shortening hair length is called . Over-direction Back of the ears Client Consultation Face Shape Profile Growth Pattern Growth Patterns Minimum Density Texture It may become frizzy from the use of razors. Wave Pattern Haircutting Texturizing Shear Notching Shears All-Purpose Comb Barber Comb Japan, Germany, and the United States Rockwell Hardness 56-57 Forging, then casting Tight Shears Palming the shears Blunt Weight Line Layered Cuts Graduated Cut Cross-checking A razor Distribution Slide Cutting Texturizing is another version of point cutting, in which a more aggressive technique is used to create a chunkier effect. Effilating, also known as , is the process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears. When using the slicing technique to remove weight and add movement through the lengths of the hair, the shears should never be completely . Electric or battery-operated tools that cut the hair by using two moving blades held in place by a metal plate with teeth are called . What technique allows you to cut hair very close to the scalp and create a flat top or square shape? The best overall blade edge for a hair stylist is , because it will give you the smoothest cut and is the sharpest edge possible. Which type of texture shear adds increased blending? When your shear is properly fitted, the thumb hole will rest at or slightly over the . in haircutting is the amount of pressure applied when combing or holding a subsection during a haircut. A general rule of thumb when cutting hair is to stand or sit directly in front of the area you are cutting, and to keep your body weight . The hand position that is used most often when cutting uniform or increasing layers is called . What is the best way to maintain control of the subsection when cutting with a vertical or diagonal line? Notching Slithering Closed Clippers Clipper-over-comb Straight Chunking Cuticle area of the thumb Tension Centered Cutting over fingers Cutting below fingers