Energy for Life Study Guide Answer Key

University:
Felician University
Course:
BIO-103 | General Biology I
Academic year:

2019
Views:

350

Pages:

2
Author:

GalacticGuru

**Energy for Life Study Guide** Answer the questions below. Use complete sentences! 1. Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Autotrophs make their own food, while heterotrophs eat other things for food. 2. Identify the primary source of energy for humans. Humans consume food, and glucose (a carbohydrate) is a primary source. 3. Relate the types of pigments involved in photosynthesis and their roles. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs red and blue light but reflects green. Carotenoids absorb greens and some yellows and can appear orange, red, or brown. 4. Explain how oxygen is generated in photosynthesis. During the light reaction, water is split to make electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen. After two waters are split, O₂ is made and it diffuses out of the cell. 5. The graph to the right shows how the percentage of stomata that are open varies over time for two different plants. One curve represents the stomata of a geranium, and the other curve represents the stomata of a pineapple. Which curve corresponds to the pineapple stomata? Explain your reasoning. Curve B corresponds to the pineapple stomata, as it opens stomata at night and closes in the day. 6. In which phases of photosynthesis (light or dark reactions) are carbon dioxide and water used, and oxygen and glucose produced? Water is used and oxygen is produced in the light reaction. Carbon dioxide is used and glucose is produced in the dark reaction. 7. What is the equation for photosynthesis and how does it relate to the equation for respiration? 6H₂O + 6CO₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ The equations for photosynthesis and respiration are opposites of each other. 8. What are the different types of carbohydrates and what are their functions? Monosaccharides like glucose and fructose are used as building blocks or energy. Disaccharides like sucrose are used for energy. Polysaccharides like starch and glycogen are used for energy, but cellulose and chitin are used for structure. 9. How can you tell glucose and fructose apart? Glucose is a six-sided shape (hexagon), and fructose is a five-sided shape (pentagon). 10. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic? Aerobic means "with oxygen," and anaerobic means "without oxygen." 11. Describe the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Which one is done in our muscles? Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation convert pyruvic acid into something else. Lactic acid fermentation turns it into lactic acid, which builds up in our muscles. Alcoholic fermentation turns pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and alcohol. 12. Describe glycolysis and what it makes. Glycolysis turns glucose into two pyruvic acids and it makes 2 ATP and NADH in the process. **13. Describe the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain/chemiosmosis.** During the Krebs cycle, CO2 is released, NADH is made, and 2 total ATP are made. During the ETC, NADH drops off H+ and e-, and 34 ATP are made with ATP synthase. The H+ and e- land on O2 and make H2O. **14. How many ATP are made in each of these steps: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC?** Glycolysis makes 2 ATP, Krebs cycle makes 2 ATP, and the ETC makes 34 ATP. **15. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?** The purpose of cellular respiration is to make ATP from glucose.