Respond to Certain Stimuli Answer Key

 Question 1 1 out of 1 points _____ in classical conditioning is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others. Selected Answer: Discrimination Answers: Generalization Discrimination Acquisition Habituation  Question 2 0 out of 1 points The psychologist who used puzzle boxes in his experiments to establish the power of consequences in determining voluntary behavior was _____. Selected Answer: B.F. Skinner Answers: B.F. Skinner Ivan Pavlov E.L. Thorndike John B. Watson  Question 3 0 out of 1 points _____ is the process of learning the associations between two events. Selected Answer: Insight Answers: Imitation Conditioning Preparedness Insight  Question 4 1 out of 1 points Tina's eyes water every time she chops onions. Her response is an example of a: Selected Answer: reflex. Answers: habit. reflex. conditioned response. voluntary behavior.  Question 5 1 out of 1 points Classical conditioning is a form of _____. Selected Answer: associative learning Answers: observational learning voluntary learning associative learning latent learning  Question 6 1 out of 1 points (Extra Credit) Boris uses classical conditioning to teach his goldfish to swim to the surface of its tank to eat whenever Boris turns on the aquarium light. He drops food into the tank and then turns on the light. After several such trials, the fish shows no more inclination to swim to the surface when the light is turned on than it did on the first trial. In the context of classical conditioning, which of the following should Boris do to improve his training technique? Selected Answer: He should turn on the light before he drops the food into the tank. Answers: He should turn on the light before he drops the food into the tank. He should intermittently turn the light on and off during feeding time. He should drop something other than food into the tank to alert the fish. He should provide more food than usual during the trials.  Question 7 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is true of observational learning? Selected Answer: It often takes less time than operant conditioning. Answers: It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors. It often takes less time than operant conditioning. It was first conceptualized by Ivan Pavlov. It cannot occur unless a behavior is reinforced.  Question 8 1 out of 1 points A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and, thus ________ the probability of a response. Selected Answer: removed; increases Answers: removed; increases removed; decreases presented; increases presented; decreases  Question 9 1 out of 1 points Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies negative reinforcement in operant conditioning? Selected Answer: Tom wakes up just before the alarm clock goes off every morning so that he can avoid having to hear the alarm go off. Answers: Tom wakes up just before the alarm clock goes off every morning so that he can avoid having to hear the alarm go off. Dennis buys himself a new game because he gets a "B" on a difficult exam. Miranda treats herself to a massage on her birthday. Sheila goes to sleep early on a night before a test because she knows that this will help her get better grades.  Question 10 1 out of 1 points Janet scolds her daughter, Kelley, each time Kelley pinches her little brother. After two weeks, Janet notices that Kelley has stopped pinching her little brother. In this scenario, scolding Kelley is an example of _____ in operant conditioning. Selected Answer: positive punishment Answers: positive reinforcement negative reinforcement negative punishment positive punishment  Question 11 1 out of 1 points A ________ reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a ________ reinforcer. Selected Answer: secondary; primary Answers: positive; negative primary; secondary natural; artificial secondary; primary  Question 12 1 out of 1 points Marcia and John were married for eleven years before John passed away. Following his death, Marcia left her home and city because everything reminded her of John. Many years later, Marcia happened to meet a man, her new colleague, who smelled of the cologne that John always wore. Even after so many years, Marcia was drawn to this man because he reminded her of John. In this scenario, Marcia's reawakened feelings are an example of _____ in classical conditioning. Selected Answer: spontaneous recovery Answers: extinction spontaneous recovery reinforcement instinctive drift  Question 13 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is true of Ivan Pavlov's experiment on classical conditioning? Selected Answer: The bell was a neutral stimulus before it was paired with the meat powder. Answers: The bell was a neutral stimulus before it was paired with the meat powder. The dog's salivation in response to the bell was an unconditioned response. The bell was a conditioned stimulus before it was paired with the meat powder. The dog's salivation in response to the meat powder was a conditioned response.  Question 14 1 out of 1 points Rose is in an abusive relationship with Dan, who is physically violent with her and has injured her seriously more than once. Despite this, Rose has never been able to stop him or leave him. Rose was also abused by her step-father as a child. Rose's inability to put up a fight with Dan is most likely the result of _____ in operant conditioning. Selected Answer: learned helplessness Answers: learned helplessness preparedness instinctive drift aversive conditioning  Question 15 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is true of partial reinforcement? Selected Answer: Partial reinforcement is particularly resistant to extinction. Answers: In partial reinforcement, a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs. Partial reinforcement does not characterize most life experiences. Partial reinforcement is particularly resistant to extinction. In partial reinforcement, extinction takes place quickly when reinforcement stops.  Question 16 0 out of 1 points Rodney suffers severe food poisoning after eating lunch at his school cafeteria. As a result of the experience, every time Rodney walks past the cafeteria and smells the food, he feels nauseated. In the context of classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus is the _____. Selected Answer: smell Answers: cafeteria bad food nausea smell  Question 17 1 out of 1 points Carol is training her dog to sit on command. Each time he sits in response to her command, she gives him a treat. In the context of operant conditioning, Carol is using a _____ to train her dog. Selected Answer: continuous reinforcement schedule Answers: secondary reinforcer partial reinforcement schedule negative reinforcer continuous reinforcement schedule  Question 18 1 out of 1 points In the context of operant conditioning, a reinforcer that is innately satisfying and does not require any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable is referred to as a _____ reinforcer. Selected Answer: primary Answers: primary secondary tertiary negative  Question 19 1 out of 1 points A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ________. Selected Answer: operant conditioning Answers: classical conditioning operant conditioning vicarious learning cognitive learning  Question 20 1 out of 1 points In John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner's demonstration of the role of classical conditioning in the development of fears, little Albert learned to fear a white rat. In this study, the white rat was the _____. Selected Answer: conditioned stimulus Answers: unconditioned stimulus conditioned stimulus positive reinforcer negative reinforcer  Question 21 0 out of 1 points While observing rats in a maze, Patrick realizes that the rats are able to find their way to the end of the maze even though they are not rewarded at any point during the experiment. This type of learning can best be defined as _____. Selected Answer: trial-and-error learning Answers: latent learning observational learning associative learning trial-and-error learning