Lab 7: Knee

Lab 7: Knee Complete the following activities during your lab class under the guidance of your instructor. Objectives of Lab: • Identify common injuries and overuse conditions that occur to the knee. • Demonstrate the application of tapes, wraps, braces, and pads to the knee for the purpose of preventing, treating, and rehabilitating injuries. Lab Activity 1: Anatomy 1. Look at the model and show your partner the following bones. a. Tibial tuberosity e. Patella b. Fibular head f. Tibial plateau c. Medial epicondyle g. Medial joint line d. Lateral epicondyle h. Lateral joint line 2. Identify and palpate the following muscles on your partner. a. Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis) b. Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus) c. Iliotibial (IT) band d. Sartorius 3. Locate the following ligaments on a model. a. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) d. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) b. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) e. Patellar ligament c. Medial collateral ligament (MCL) g. Lateral meniscus f. Medial meniscus Lab Activity 2: Prevention of Common Conditions 1. Identify three effective prevention strategies and the associated common conditions related to the knee. a. Strength training to reduce ACL tears b. Wearing the proper shoes to reduce patellar tendinitis c. Warm up properly to reduce patellofemoral stress syndrome Lab Activity 3: Application of Taping, Wrapping, Bracing, and Padding Practice and demonstrate your ability to appropriately apply these techniques with a partner, as demonstrated and instructed in class. List one common condition that each of these techniques would be useful with during treatment and rehabilitation. 1. Taping a. Patellar tendon strap: Patellar Tendonitis b. McConnell taping: Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome 2. Kinesio tape: Patellar Tendonitis Bracing a. Prophylactic bracing: Injuries to the MCL b. Rehabilitative bracing: Tendon Rupture c. Functional bracing: LCL Sprain d. Neoprene sleeve: Quadriceps Tendonitis e. Neoprene sleeve with hinged bars: PCL sprain f. Neoprene sleeve with buttress: Subluxations and Dislocations g. Patellar tendon strap: OSD 3. Wrapping a. Knee compression wrap: ACL sprain 4. Padding: List three sports that require knee padding and briefly describe the intended purpose of the padding for each sport. a. Football knee pads are designed to protect the players knees from impact b. Volleyball knee pads are designed to protect the knee against scrapes and burn that could happen during a game c. Hockey knee pads are designed to protect the goalie’s knees because they hit the ice frequently during practices and games 5. Stretches: Practice the dynamic warm-up program for injury prevention, as directed by your instructor. List the specific muscles associated with each stretch listed below. a. Quadriceps stretch: Rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis b. Hamstring stretch: Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus c. Hip flexor stretch: Psoas major, Iliac muscle, Rectus femoris, Pectineus muscle, Sartorius muscle 2 d. Gluteal stretch: Gluteus minimus, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus maximus e. Calf stretch: Gastrocnemius and Soleus Lab Activity 4: Case Scenarios 1. Over the past 2 months, a 16-year-old male soccer player has experienced periodic pain in his right patellar tendon following intense workouts. He has been evaluated and diagnosed with patellar tendinitis. a. An appropriate recommendation for treatment would include _____Thermotherapy_____ before practice to increase blood flow and collagen extensibility and _____Cryotherapy_____ after practice to lessen pain and inflammation. b. The ______Patellar Tendon Strap_______ taping technique could be used to help reduce the tension or pull of the patellar tendon on the inferior pole of the patella or tibial tubercle. c. If taping were not a good long-term option, which bracing technique would be most appropriate to lessen symptoms associated with this condition and why? A Neoprene Sleeve with Buttress brace because it provides compression, mild support and reduces friction and stress 2. A female basketball player is 4 months post-op recovering from an ACL reconstruction and is complaining of diffuse anteromedial knee pain throughout the exercise portion of her rehabilitation. Her athletic trainer assesses her condition and identifies a lateral tracking patella during functional movements. Her athletic trainer makes a diagnosis of patellofemoral stress syndrome (PFSS). a. The Functional or Rehabilitative brace could reduce stress and correct structural abnormalities when treating PFSS. b. During a 6-month follow-up visit, the athlete asks the physician if a brace should be used to prevent further injury when returning to sport. The physician might recommend a _____Neoprene Sleeve with buttress_______ brace to provide support and confidence for the athlete. c. Discuss what research has shown about ACL prevention programs reducing the number of noncontact ACL injuries in sport. Cite at least two peerreviewed sources and use no more than 250 words. The research has shown that ACL prevention programs reduce the number of noncontact ACL injuries in sports by involving proprioceptive, plyometric, strength training exercises into an athlete’s routine. Athletes should also work on improving their jumping, stopping, and turning techniques. Research has also shown that athletes can have factors that predispose them to ACL injuries. Some of the factors are playing styles, hormonal levels and neuromuscular factors (Boden, Griffin, & Garrett). Other prevention programs could include pre-season intervention and an in-season maintenance program (Alentorn-Geli, Myer & et. al., 2009). To conclude ACL prevention programs are beneficial in reducing the number of ACL injuries in noncontact sports. 3 References Beam, J. W. (2018). Orthopedic taping, wrapping, bracing, & padding. Vancouver, B.C.: Langara College. Boden, B., Griffin, L., & Garrett, W. (n.d.). Etiology and Prevention of Noncontact ACL Injury. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3810/psm.2000.04.841 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-009-0823-z 4