University:
High School
Course:
High School Psychology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

13

Pages:

2
Author:

E Labor

AP Psychology Module 13 - Behavioral genetics - transmission of hereditary characteristics is achieved by biological processes (including gametogenesis, fertilization, embryonic development, and protein synthesis) - Chromosomes carry info stored in genes to new cells during cell division (reproduction) Humans normally have 46 chromosomes - Females - xx chromosomes (23) - Males - xy chromosomes (23) - If a person gets on uneven am puberty - DNA - a complex molecule consisting of the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes - Genes - the biochemical units of heredity that that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins - Genome - (the overall structure) (how the dna will come together with the amino acids) - blueprint - The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes - Sexual development disorders - Turner syndrome - females have only one X sex chromosome (shown in puberty) - will give the female of webbed neck, lacking of ovaries and failing to develop secondary sex characteristics at puberty - Klinefelter syndrome - males arise from a XXY zygote. (also shown in puberty) reproduction doesn’t work, development of breast tissue - Twin Studies - Identical twins - have identical DNA since they formed from a single zygote (fertilized egg) - Identical twins reported similar personalities - Identical twins are much more alike in extraversion (outgoingness) and neuroticism (emotional instability) - Twins could be different if they produce different amounts of proteins - Fraternal twins - siblings formed from two different eggs - Compared with rates for fraternal twins, drinking and driving convictions are 12 times greater among those who have an identical twin with such a conviction - Genomes - different for each twin (height, personality, etc)\ - Molecular behavior genetics - to find some of the many genes that together orchestrate complex traits such as body weight, sexual orientation, and impulsivity - Epigenetics - genes reacting to our environment - studies the molecular mechanisms by which environments can trigger or block genetic expression - Genes as (ex - hot water activating a tea bag) active or inactive - Environmental factors (diet, drugs, living environment,and stress) can affect the epigenetic molecules that regulate gene expression Ex - trauma , poverty, or malnutrition during a childhood could affect epigenetics