Mouth as Digestive Organs

Mouth as Digestive Organs The digestive process is an involved process digestive organs and digestive glands. Between processes and organs and glands are a unity digestive system. The digestive system functions to break down food ingredients into food essences that are ready to be absorbed internally body. Based on the process, food digestion can be differentiated into two types as follows. 1. Mechanical process, namely assisted chewing by the teeth tongue and squeezing that occurs in the stomach. 2. Chemical processes, namely the dissolution and breakdown of food by digestive enzymes by converting large molecules of food into small molecules. Food undergoes a digestive process since the food is there in the mouth until the process of expelling the remaining food remains digestion. The process of digestion of food includes things following. 1. 2. 3. 4. Ingestion : the entry of food into the body through the mouth. Mastication : the process of chewing food by the teeth. Deglutition: the process of swallowing food in the esophagus. Digestion : the conversion of food into more molecules simply with the help of enzymes, found in the stomach. 5. Absorption: absorption process, occurs in the small intestine. 6. Defecation: the removal of food waste that is no longer usefulto the body through the anus. Mouth Food first enters the body through the mouth. This food begins to be digested mechanically and chemically. In the mouth, there are several tools that play a rolein the digestive process, namely the teeth, tongue and salivary glands salivary glands. a. Teeth In humans, teeth function as a digestive tool mechanical. Here, teeth help break food down smaller pieces. This will help digestive enzymes to digest food more efficient and faster. During growth and development, human teeth undergo changes, starting from: milk teeth and permanent (permanent) teeth. First teeth in babies starting at 6 months of age. These first teeth are called milk teeth dens lacteus. In children aged 6 years, there are 20 teeth, with the following arrangement. 1) Incisors (incisive dens), totaling 8 pieces. functiona cutting food. 2) Canine teeth (dens caninus), totaling 4 pieces, functional tear food. 3) Small molars (dens premolare), totaling 8 pieces, function to chew food. The arrangement of milk teeth in children (a) and permanent teeth in adults (b) When the child's age ranges from 6 years to 14 years, Milk teeth begin to fall out and are then replaced by teeth permanent. There are 32 permanent teeth fruit, which means there is the addition of large molars totaling 12 pieces. Look at the following dental formula. 1) Primary (milk) tooth formula 2) Fixed (permanent) dental formula Information: I : Incisors (incisors) C : Canine (canine teeth) P : Premolars (front molars) M : Molare (back molars) Tooth structure Every tooth is embeddedin the jaw and protected by the gums. The externalstructure of teeth consists ofon the following sections. 1) Dental crown (corona) from the outside is the visible part. 2) The tooth root (radix) is the embedded part of the tooth inside the jaw. 3) The neck of the tooth (column) is the protected partby gums. The cross-section of the tooth can be shown as follows: 1) Email (enamel) is the outermost part glazingteeth. Email is the hardest structure of the body,contains 97% calcium and 3% organic matter. 2) Dental bone (dentin), located inside the enamel,composed of dentin substance. 3) Tooth marrow (pulp), is the most important part in. In the pulp there are capillaries, arteries, veins and nerves. 4) Cement is a coating for the incoming dentinto the jaw. b. Tongue The tongue in the digestive system functions to help mix and swallow food, maintain food between the upper and lower teeth when food is chewed and as a means of tasting food. The tongue can function as a food tasting tool because contains many taste or taste receptors. Tongue composed of striated muscle and its surface is covered with. The epithelial layer contains many mucous glands (mucosa) c. Salivary gland There are three pairs of salivary glands in the oral cavity, that is parotid glandsubmaxillary glandsublingual submandibular gland and glandula. Saliva plays an important role in the process of changing substances food chemicals that occur in the mouth. After Food is crushed mechanically by teeth, saliva plays a chemical role in the process of moistening and making food soft so that it is easy to swallow. Saliva consists of water (99%) and the enzyme amylase. This enzyme breaks down starch in food into simple sugars (glucose and maltose). Food that has been crushed by chewing and softened in the mouth by saliva called a bolus. This bolus is passed to the digestive system furthermore.