Thermoregulation of Blood Part II

Question 22 Multiple Choice Part A Through which of the following structures does urine leave the bladder? ANSWER: renal medulla urethra ureter distal convoluted tubule Correct Question 26 Multiple Choice Part A The first step in the formation of urine is the ANSWER: reabsorption of nutrients by Bowman's capsule. formation of filtrate that enters Bowman's capsule. secretion of urea into the renal pelvis. secretion of hydrogen ions into the kidney tubules. Correct Key Concept Quiz Question 12 Part A What is the correct sequence of filtrate processing in the nephron? Hint 1. Review the four steps involved in turning the filtrate into urine. ANSWER: secretion, reabsorption, filtration, excretion filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion excretion, secretion, reabsorption, filtration filtration, reabsorption, secretion Correct The filtrate is first filtered to take out waste particles, but some nutrients and vital chemicals are also lost an reabsorbed. The nephron then secretes any remaining wastes so that they, along with those previously filtered, ca excreted. Question 28 Multiple Choice Part A The overall process that refines the filtrate and ultimately returns water and valuable solutes to the blood is know ANSWER: purification. collection. reabsorption. excretion. Correct Question 29 Multiple Choice Part A Secretion is the movement of substances such as drugs or toxic molecules from the ________ into the ________. ANSWER: glomerulus . . . nephron tubule nephron tubule . . . glomerulus urinary bladder . . . outside blood . . . filtrate Correct Key Concept Quiz Question 14 Part A What is the main function of the loop of Henle? Hint 1. Review the various parts of the urinary tract and their functions. ANSWER:  Correct Reabsorption of water occurs at the loop of Henle as well as the collecting duct. Key Concept Quiz Question 16 Part A In kidney dialysis, what process substitutes for secretion and reabsorption of solutes? Hint 1. Review the diagram of kidney dialysis in Figure 25.10 in your textbook. ANSWER: active transport osmosis diffusion excretion Correct Bicarbonate diffuses into the blood, and urea can diffuse out. Post Lecture Quiz Question 3 Part A The term endotherm refers specifically to a(n) _____. Hint 1. A cat is an endotherm. ANSWER: warm blooded animal cold blooded animal animal that gets most of its body heat from its metabolism animal that regulates its body temperature by its behavior Correct Endotherms have special adaptations for conserving metabolic heat. Post Lecture Quiz Question 4 Part A Which of the following animals are endotherms? Hint 1. The high metabolic rate of an endotherm produces sufficient heat to warm its body. ANSWER: amphibians and reptiles reptiles, birds, and mammals all animals birds and mammals Correct Mammals, birds, some fishes, and numerous insects are endotherms. Post Lecture Quiz Question 6 Part A On a cold day, blood vessels in the skin _____. Hint 1. Consider that on a cold day the goal is to conserve body heat. ANSWER: constrict, reducing heat loss from blood at the surface constrict, forcing blood to flow through vessels in the skin dilate, allowing blood to keep the skin warm dilate, causing blood to pass through the cold skin more quickly Correct Because blood vessels lie close to the surface of the skin, they give off heat to the external environment eas Constricting blood vessels in the skin prevents heat loss. Post Lecture Quiz Question 5 Part A Humid weather makes you feel warmer because humid air _____ . Hint 1. Contrast convection, conduction, radiation, and evaporative cooling. ANSWER: prevents countercurrent heat exchange from occurring interferes with heat loss by evaporative cooling interferes with heat loss by conduction holds warm water vapor Correct For evaporative cooling to occur, water molecules leave the skin and become water vapor. When the humidity o air is high, the air is closer to its saturation value for water vapor. Post Lecture Quiz Question 14 Part A Most of our nitrogen containing waste products are a result of _____. Hint 1. Consider which component of your diet is particularly rich in nitrogen. ANSWER: the body's attempts to maintain pH homeostasis protein metabolism drug use consumption of foods high in nitrates, such as green vegetables Correct Some of the most toxic by products of metabolism are nitrogen containing wastes from the breakdown of prote nucleic acids. Post Lecture Quiz Question 15 Part A The primary nitrogen containing compound excreted by kidneys of mammals is _____. Hint 1. Consider the toxicity of the different types of nitrogenous wastes, and the water required for the disposal of e ANSWER: amino acid ammonia uric acid urea Correct Mammals, most adult amphibians, and many marine fishes and turtles excrete mainly urea. Post Lecture Quiz Question 1 6 Part A The most effective molecule for nitrogenous waste disposal in desert animals would be _____. Hint 1. Desert animals need to conserve water. ANSWER: uric acid because it does not require water for excretion urea because it is less toxic than uric acid ammonia because it uses less energy to make than uric acid or urea uric acid because it takes less energy to make than urea Correct Even though it takes more energy to produce, uric acid can be excreted in crystalline form, which is an impo adaptation for conserving water in a desert. Post Lecture Quiz Question 17 Part A Most aquatic animals excrete ammonia, whereas land animals excrete urea or uric acid. What is the most likely explanation for this difference? Hint 1. Contrast the characteristics of each of these types of metabolic waste. ANSWER: Land animals cannot afford the energy needed to make ammonia. Land animals can get the energy needed to make urea or uric acid. Ammonia is very toxic, and it takes lots of water to dilute it. Theyhavedifferentdiets. Correct Because they live in water, aquatic animals can excrete ammonia, which is diluted in water and therefore does harm them. Post Lecture Quiz Question 18 Part A Many birds, insects, and terrestrial reptiles excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid, which _____. Hint 1. Contrast uric acid excretion with the excretion of ammonia and urea. Figure 25.5 may also help. ANSWER: forms solids that are relatively insoluble and nontoxic readily decomposes on exposure to air is synthesized in the kidneys from ammonia and CO2 can be recycled and utilized as an additional energy source Correct Uric acid, which is relatively nontoxic, precipitates out of solution and is excreted as a paste or dry powder. Post Lecture Quiz Question 19 Part A The fluid that enters the nephrons is called the filtrate. Where does the filtrate come from? Hint 1. Consider what is filtered. ANSWER: blood capillaries the loop of Henle cells of the kidney urine Correct Filtration occurs as blood pressure forces water, urea, salts, and other small solutes from the blood in the glom into the lumen of Bowman's capsule. Post Lecture Quiz Question 35 Part A From your knowledge of the function of the loops of Henle, you might infer that the reason the loops of Henle kidneys of a desert kangaroo rat are much longer than those in a white laboratory rat is because _____. Hint 1. Consider the function of the loop of Henle. ANSWER: the white rat's diet is much less varied than the kangaroo rat's the kangaroo rat is adapted to living in an environment where water is scarce the kangaroo rat cannot always find food the kangaroo rat produces more body wastes Correct The kangaroo rat is adapted to living in an environment where water is scarce. Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 100%. You received 10.17 out of a possible total of 10.14 points. https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560874 20/20