Microbiology Chapter 14 Answers

Microbiology Chapter 14 1. According to the animation, surgical infections account for what percentage of nosocomial infections? 20% 2. As a health care worker, I am keenly aware of how important it is to avoid harming my patients. I worry about inadvertently transmitting an infectious disease to an already compromised individual. According to the CDC, what is the MOST important thing I can do to avoid this? Wash my hands before interacting with any patient. A dog develops a diarrheal disease after drinking water from a creek during a hike with his owner. Which of the following best describes this method of disease transmission? vehicle transmission 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Epidemiology is defined as the study of Expected prevalence of a disease is The following choices list several types of diseases, along with factors that may contribute to their emergence. Which disease and associated factor do NOT match? The health of the patient How can health care workers reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections? where and when a disease occurs, and how it is transmitted. the expected occurrence of a disease based on past observations. emergence of avian influenza A (H5N1): use of antibiotics should be the primary concern of the healthcare worker. Practice more stringent aseptic techniques 9. How can surgeons help to limit nosocomial infections? They should perform surgeries and invasive procedures only when absolutely necessary. 10. How might a patient who is not being treated with an antibiotic still be exposed to an antibiotic? Antibiotics can be used in aerosols, thereby entering the environment. 11. If a disease occurs at a fairly stable rate, it is said to be endemic. 12. If a patient notices a healthcare worker not following suggested precautions, they should immediately bring it to the attention of the healthcare worker. 13. In the last segment of the animation, how many regions of the world experience the pandemic during April of year four? Five 14. In the last segment of the animation, when does the first epidemic occur? January of year three 15. In the sixth segment of the animation, why is the disease epidemic in North America? The disease occurs at a higher rate than what would normally be expected in this region. 16. Koch's postulates established criteria for proving that a specific organism causes a specific disease. Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria given by Koch's postulates? The pathogen must be isolated from inoculated animals and must be different from the original organism. 17. Malaria is an infectious disease caused by infection with a protozoan. In certain tropical regions, malaria is constantly present. We would say that malaria is a(n) _________ disease in these regions. endemic 18. A patient acquires an infection by touching a contaminated door handle. Which mode of transmission best describes this scenario? indirect contact transmission 19. Plague is transmitted through the bite of an infected flea. Which of the following best describes this mode of transmission? vector transmission 20. What is the role of epidemiology? To learn how to treat and prevent various diseases. 21. What type of nosocomial infection is likely to arise from intravenous catheterizations? Bacteremia When aerosols containing pathogens spread disease from a distance of less than one meter, it is considered contact transmission. 23. Which is an example of vehicle disease transmission? The presence of Listeria on undercooked chicken served for dinner 24. Which of the following characteristics of a catheter should be considered, to help minimize the spread of nosocomial infections? Single-use 25. Which of the following is a fungal zoonosis that can be transmitted by direct contact? ringworm 26. Which of the following is an example of the symbiotic relationship known as mutualism? E. coli within the large intestine 27. Which of the following is classified as a latent disease? shingles 28. Which of the following is considered a major category of transmission of disease? Contact, vehicle, and vector transmission 29. Which of the following statements about the development of infectious diseases is correct? The period of convalescence is the time during which the person regains health and fully recovers (back to the pre-disease state). 30. Which of the following statements concerning pathology, infection, and disease is true? Pathology refers to the study of structural and functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease. 31. Which of the following statements is true regarding hand washing? Frequent and proper hand washing should be routinely done by patients and by healthcare workers, both prior to and after interaction. 22. 32. Which of the following would be an example of disease transmission via INDIRECT contact? A student sneezes on her test booklet. The instructor grades it and catches her cold. 33. Which of the following would be considered a fomite? An infected toy 34. Which of the following would be considered a vector? A fly carrying disease from fecal matter to food 35. Why are invasive procedures likely to increase the risk of nosocomial infections? These procedures allow microbes from the skin to enter the bloodstream of the patient.