University:
Indiana University South Bend
Course:
BIOL-L 101 | Introduction to Biological Sciences
Academic year:

2021
Views:

11

Pages:

1
Author:

Rose G

Cell Membrane Every cell has a cell membrane, which is a layer on the outside that holds the cell together. It also controls the flow of material in & out of the cell (like a gate to a castle). It is semi-permeable, which means it can let certain materials through and keep other things out (or in). CELL WALL Along with the cell membrane, plant cells also have a cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane, while providing support and protection to the cell. Plants do not have a skeleton like many animals do, so they get their shape from the cell wall. Cytoplasm A jellylike substance called cytoplasm, is inside the cell wall. All of the structures (organelles) and activity that takes place, are contained in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes Ribosomes are the protein-making factories in a cell. Proteins control most chemical reactions and provide structural support for cells. Almost all types of cells have ribosomes, which are the smallest organelles. In plant & animal cells, they move about freely in the cytoplasm. Nucleus The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It houses the cell's chromosomes, which are strands made of DNA (code for genetic information). The nucleus also includes the nuclear membrane, which is a double membrane surrounding it, that controls the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus. The nucleolus is a small structure found inside the nucleus, that makes ribosomes and transports them to the cytoplasm.