University:
Indiana University South Bend
Course:
BIOL-L 101 | Introduction to Biological Sciences
Academic year:

2021
Views:

28

Pages:

1
Author:

Rose G

Activation energy amount of energy needed for a reaction to begin Active site area of an enzyme where the specific substrate binds Adenine base found in DNA, RNA and ATP Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) formed when one phosphate group is removed from ATP in a hydrolysis reaction Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) a nucleotide derivative, an immediate energy source Adhesion how water molecules are attracted and stick to other substances e.g xylem vessel walls Amino acids monomers of proteins Amylopectin branched-glucose polymer found in plants, a type of starch Amylase coileda-glucose polymer found in plants, a type of starch Antiparallel when two polynucleotide strands run in opposite directions in DNA ATP hydrolase enzyme which hydrolyses ATP to ADP and Pi ATP synthase enzyme which synthesises ATP from ADP and Pi (condensation reaction) Base a nitrogen-containing organic molecule which is part of a nucleotide Benedict's test-test for sugars Biuret test test for proteins Cellulose B-glucose polymer found in plant cell walls Cohesion how water molecules are attracted and 'stick" to each other using hydrogen bonds Collagen a structural protein found in connective Competitive inhibitor-molecule which competes with the substrate to bind to the active site of an enzyme Complementary base pairing hydrogen bonding between bases C and G or bases A and T/U Condensation reaction joins two molecules by forming a new chemical band and eliminating a water molecule Cysteine amino acid containing sulphur Cytosine base found in DNA and RNA Denatured when an enzyme is no longer functional Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-double-stranded polynucleotide, a type of nucleic acid Deoxyribose pentose sugar found in DNA Dipeptide two amino acids joined with a peptide bond Disaccharide two monosaccharides joined with a glycosidic bond e.g sucrose (glucose fructose), lactose (glucose-galactose) and maltose (glucose+glucose) Disulphide bridge-bond between two sulphur atoms, important in protein structure DNA helicase enzyme which breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA strands DNA polymerase enzyme which forms phosphodiester bonds between DNA nucleotides Double helix twisted shape of DNA, two strands held together with hydrogen bonds Emulsion test test for lipids Enzyme a biological catalyst and soluble protein Enzyme-substrate complex the enzyme plus the substrate bound to the active site