Binary Fission with Answers

Topic Date Name What are different ways that living things reproduce asexually? 1.2 Highlights Use with textbook pages 20-35. Binary Fission In binary fission, a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells that have the same genetic material as the parent. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs in bacteria. Refer to Figure 1.7 on page 23 to see what happens during binary fission. What steps are involved in this process? Cell Cycle Eukaryotic cells reproduce to replace damaged or older cells. They do this through the cell cycle, which is divided into two stages: the growth and development stage and the division stage. The pie chart in Figure 1.10 on page 27 of the textbook shows the relative amount of time a cell spends in each phase during its life. The growth and development stage is called interphase. During this phase, the cell grows bigger, the organelles increase in number, and DNA is duplicated in preparation for cell division. The division stage includes mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. Mitosis has four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the nuclear membrane disappears and DNA condenses further into chromosomes. Spindle fibres start to form. These spindle fibres move the chromosomes to the middle of the cell in metaphase. During anaphase, the spindle fibres pull the chromosomes to the two ends of the cell. The chromosomes have reached the two ends of the cell in telophase and the nuclear membrane forms around each complete set of chromosomes. The cell then undergoes cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm splits in half. The end product is two new daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell and to each other. The figure below shows interphase, the phases of mitosis, and cytokinesis. Interphase Prophase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis V y, y duplicated spindle fibres chromosome 12 NEL. Topic 1.2 © 2017, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Name Topic Date 1.2 Budding Highlights In budding, a small bud grows from the parent cell and then v...!: detaches itself. This new independent cell will grow to the size of the parent cell. This type of asexual reproduction occurs in yeast cells. The figure below shows a yeast cell dividing by budding. bud scar nucleus Spore Formation Moulds and mushrooms reproduce asexually by forming spores that are genetically identical to the parent. The figure below shows a sporangium releasing some spores that will eventually grow and develop under favourable conditions. Vegetative Propagation Plants can use vegetative propagation to reproduce asexually from the roots, stems, or leaves. The new plants are identical clones of the parent plant. Refer to Figure 1.13 on page 31 of the textbook for some examples of vegetative propagation. People use a variety of artificial vegetative propagation techniques to produce plants with desired characteristics. These techniques are described in Table 1.1 on pages 32 and 33 of the textbook. © 2017, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Topic 1.2 • NEL 13 Processing and Analyzing Date Name Topic 1.2 Binary Fission Use with textbook pages 22-23. Use the diagram showing the reproduction of bacterial cells to answer questions 1 to 5. 4 20 minutes 2 bacteria 0 minutes 1 bacterium 0 r 40 minutes 4 bacteria 60 minutes 8 bacteria Binary Fission 1. What type of asexual reproduction is shown above? 2. Bacteria double every 20 minutes under favourable conditions. Complete the following table to display the reproduction data shown in the diagram. Time (min) Number of Bacterial Cells 0 1 20 2 40 60 (1 h) 80 100 120 (2 h) 140 160 180 (3 h) 14 NEL* Topic 1.2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 © 2017, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Processing and Name Date Analyzing Topic 1.2 3. Use the table on the previous page to graph the data for the first 120 minutes. What variable would go on the x-axis? What variable would go on the j-axis? Y minutes x number of bacterial cells 120 100 80 GO 40 20 O O 2 4 8 16 3264 4. Describe how the graph represents the growth of the bacterial population. That is doubles itself 5. Based on the reproduction rate, how many bacterial cells would you expect after a) 121440 hours? b) 24 2880 hours? © 201 7, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Topic 1.2-NEL 15 Name Evaluating Date Topic 1.2 Binary Fission, Budding, and Spore Formation Use with textbook pages 22-30. 1. Identify the type of asexual reproduction shown in each diagram. binary Budding budding binary spores 2. Identify the type of asexual reproduction described in each scenario. a) The aquatic cell of Planctomycetes forms a bud, which eventually becomes a budding new cell that swims. b) A unicellular green algae, Micrasterias furcata, divides into two equal halves binary fission forming two new cells. c) An amoeba grows to a certain size and then its nucleus and cytoplasm divide. This results in two amoebas. budding d) Amanita muscaria releases spores from under its iconic red cap with white warts, producing more of these poisonous B.C. toadstools. spores 16 NEL • Topic 1.2 © 2017, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Cell Cycle and Mitosis Use with textbook pages 25-27. 1. Label each diagram with the corresponding stage of the cell cycle: anaphase, cytokinesis, interphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase. b) c) d) Telophase interphase metaphase cytokinesis a) f) e) prophase Anaphase 14 -Co" # w . jf ' yv v v. 2. Which stage of the cell cycle is each of the following statements describing? Choose from the following list of terms: anaphase, cytokinesis, interphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase. interphase a) DNA is copied cytokinesis prophase d) cell grows and develops interphase b) cytoplasm divides c) spindle fibres form pro pase e) nuclear membrane disappears f) number of organelles increases interphase prophase g) DNA condenses into chromosomes interphase h) stage that makes up most of the life of the cell cytokinesis i) stage where the cell carries out its life function j) chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell metaphase k) nuclear membrane reappears around the chromosomes telophase 1) duplicated chromosomes have reached the opposite ends of the cell telophase m) duplicated chromosomes are pulled apart to the opposite ends of the cell anaphase © 201 7, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Topic 1.2 • NEL 17 Literacy Strategies Date Name Topic 1.2 Vegetative Propagation Use with textbook pages 31-33. 1. Previewing Text Features Before reading the text on pages 31 to 33 of the textbook, preview the text features such as headings, subheadings, and main body text. Examine Table 1.1 on pages 32 and 33. Look at the title of each column and the heading for each row. Some of the text features give you clues about the most important ideas for this Concept. For example, six examples of artificial vegetative propagation techniques are discussed in the table and these techniques are boldfaced. Identify some text features on these three pages. splitting airGrafting Cutting Simple layering layering tissue culture 2. Making Study Notes on Index Cards Making study notes on index cards for Table 1.1 on pages 32 and 33 will help you focus on the main ideas. Write your notes in your own words. Write each boldfaced word in Table 1.1 on a separate index card. On each index card, include • the name of the artificial vegetative propagation technique, • a sentence describing the technique, • a list of the plants used, • some uses for the technique. 3. Visualizing Visualizing means forming an image in your mind based on the text that you are reading. Look at each of the diagrams provided in Table 1.1. Look for details that make the image make sense to you. Once you have formed a final image in your mind, make a sketch of each propagation technique on your index card. Your sketch will reinforce the concepts in your study notes. 18 NEL • Topic 1.2 © 2017, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Name Assessment Date Topic 1.2 1.2 Assessment Match each term on the left with the best description on the right. Each description may be used only once. Term Description A A. identical copy of a cell e B. series of events that make up the life cycle of a cell 1. clone 2. spore D 3. budding B 5. binary fission F 4. cell cycle E 6. vegetative propagation C. structure released by a sporangium during asexual reproduction D. type of asexual reproduction where a bud forms from the parent E. type of asexual reproduction where plants grow from parts of its roots, stems, or leaves F. type of asexual reproduction where the parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells Circle the letter of the best answer for questions 7 to 23. 7. In which of the following methods of reproduction are the parent cells genetically identical to the daughter cells? I budding II binary fission III spore formation A. I and II only C. II and III only O B. I and III only D. I, II, and III 8. What do budding, binary fission, and spore formation have in common? A. They require two parent cells. B. They require only one parent cell. C. They produce only one daughter cell. D. They are all forms of sexual reproduction. 9. Which of the following methods do bacteria that cause tooth decay use to reproduce? A. budding C. spore formation B. binary fission D. vegetative propagation © 2017, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited 1.2 Assessment • NEL 19 Assessment Date Name Topic 1.2 10. What are the end products of binary fission? OB. one daughter cell that is genetically different from the parent cell A. two independent daughter cells that are identical to each other C. two independent daughter cells that are different from each other D. two daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell 11. Yeast reproduce by A. O budding. C. spore formation. B. binary fission. D. vegetative propagation. 12. During budding, what is usually formed? A. a bud from the daughter cell B. new DNA from the parent cell C. an outgrowth from the parent cell O D. new stems and roots from the parent cell 13. Which method does mould use to produce more mould on a piece of cheese? O B. binary fission D. vegetative propagation A. budding C. spore formation 14. Which of the following describes when spores will grow and divide? A. when they are encased in a sporangium B. when they are in an environment with harsh conditions C. when they are in an environment with favourable conditions O D. when leaves from the existing plant provide nutrients for the spores 15. Which of the following types of reproduction involve the cell cycle? I budding II binary fission III spore formation OA. I and II only B. I and III only 20 NEL • 1.2 Assessment C. II and III only D. I, II, and III © 2017, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Assessment Date Name Topic 1.2 16. Daffodil and tulip bulbs are planted in the fall. In the spring, these flowers grow from the bulbs. This is an example of A. budding. B. binary fission. C. spore formation. O D. vegetative propagation. 17. How are potato tubers and strawberry runners similar? A. They are not clones of the parent plant. are like stems that produce new plants. OB.C. They They are used by plants to reproduce sexually. D. They are like leaves that develop the roots of the new plant. 18. Which of the following techniques takes a section of the root and joins it to another plant? A. O cutting C. splitting B. grafting D. air layering 19. The cell cycle consists of which of the following? I mitosis II interphase III cytokinesis A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, n, and III O 20. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? A. telophase B. anaphase © 201 7, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited C. prophase O D. metaphase 1.2 Assessment • NEL 21 Name Assessment Date Topic 1.2 21. Copies of DNA are made during A. prophase. C. telophase. B. anaphase. D. interphase. 22. Which of the following occurs during anaphase? A. spindle fibres form B. nuclear membrane disappears C. chromosomes are pulled to the opposite ends of the cell D. nuclear membrane reappears around the two new sets of chromosomes 23. The cytoplasm is divided to produce two new cells during A. prophase. C. interphase. B. anaphase. D. cytokinesis. 24. Complete the following spider map for the phases of mitosis. Describe what happens during each phase of mitosis. Mitosis 22 NEL • 1.2 Assessment © 2017, originally acquired by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited