University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
BIO 303 | Human Physiology
Academic year:

2019
Views:

384

Pages:

30
Author:

crawniadxfo

Body Fluids Fluid Compartments Fluid Compartments Water Distribution Water Distribution Transcellular Fluids • • • • • • Synovial Pericardial Pleural Peritoneal Ocular Cerebrospinal Movement of Fluids between Compartments Major factors that regulate movements: - Osmotic pressure - Hydrostatic pressure Composition of Body Fluids Water Balance Water input = Water output Water Inputs Water Output Water Balance Water and Electrolytes Homeostasis Systems involved in the regulation of fluids and electrolytes - Kidneys, - Cardiovascular system, - Endocrine (Pituitary, Parathyroids, Adrenal glands) - Lungs Movement of Fluids between Compartments Major factors that regulate movements: - Osmotic pressure - Hydrostatic pressure Regulation of Na+ and Water Involves regulation of: - Osmolality - Volume of ECF different regulations with many overlapping mechanisms. Importance of Na+ and Water regulation Fig. 27.05 Measurements of Body Fluids Measuring Body Fluids Dilution Principle Dilution method for calculating fluid volume Properties of tracers used for calculation of volumes • Properties of an Ideal Tracer The tracer should: • be nontoxic • be rapidly and evenly distributed throughout the nominated compartment not enter any other compartment. • not be metabolized. • not be excreted (or excretion is able to be corrected for) during the equilibration period • be easy to measure • not interfere with body fluid distribution Measurement of Total Body Water * Radioactive water (3H2O, T2O, Tritium) or heavy water (2H2O, D2O, Deuterium). This will mix with the total body water in just a few hours and the dilution method for calculation can be used. * Antipyrine Measurement of ECF volumes • 22Na+, (Sodium Space) • 125I-iothalamate, • Thiosulfate, • Inulin (Inulin Space) (Measured in 30-60 minutes) Calculation of ICF (Intra- Cellular Volume) ICF= Total Body water - ECF Measurement of Plasma volumes Measurement of Total Blood Volume Fig.19.01 Plasma Composition • Water: > 90% • Small molecule: 2%, it is electrolytes, nutriment, metabolic products, hormone, enzymes, etc. • Protein: 60-80 g/L, plasma protein include albumin (40-50 g/L)(54%), globulins (20-30 g/L,α1-, α2, β-, γ- ) (38%)and fibrinogen (7%). Most of albumin and globulin made from liver. Measurement of Plasma volumes Measurement of Total Blood Volume * 125I-Albumin (RISA), 51Cr-labeled * Evans Blue (Dye (T1824)) * Blood Cells Red *Calculated As = Plasma Volume 1-Hematocrit Measurement of Plasma volumes Measurement of Total Blood Volume * 125I-Albumin (RISA), 51Cr-labeled * Evans Blue (Dye (T1824)) * Blood Cells Red *Calculated As = Plasma Volume 1-Hematocrit