Collected Questions For Physiology Quiz 2

COLLECTED QUESTIONS For physiology-quiz 2 lec.1 1-Find the odd hormone: a. Growth hormone. b. prolactin. c. Somatostatin. d. Cortisol. e. Calcitonin. 2-In Comparison of cortisol and aldosterone, which of the following NOT True: a. Cortisol has mineralocorticoid activity. b. Aldosterone has some glucocorticoid activity. c. The rate of secretion of aldosterone is higher than cortisol. 3-Which one of the following about Aldosterone is NOT true: a. Assists in compensation for depletion of blood volume by hemorrhage. b. Is secreted by the zona glomerulose of the adrenal cortex. c. It contributes in glucocorticods activity. d. Output is principally dependent on adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion. e. Promotes renal loss of potassium. 4-Although the adrenal cortex secretes at least _____ different hormones, about 95% of the mineralocorticoid activity is due to ______. a. 3, Aldosterone. b. 2, Cortisol. c. 4, Gonadocrticoids. d. 5, Epinephrine. e. 7, Norepinephrine. 5-A tumor in the adrenal zona glomerulosa can cause hypersecretion of hormones produced in that region. Which of the following might you expect to find in a patient with such a tumor? a. Decreased blood calcium levels. b. Increased blood glucose levels. c. Increased blood sodium levels. d. Increased dehydration. e. Increased ketoacidosis. 6-ACTH is the major regulator for secretion of which of the following from the adrenal glands? a. Epinephrine and norepinephrine. b. Cortisol. c. Androgens (dihydroepiandrostendione-DHEA). d. Aldosterone. e. All of the above are correct. 7-Adrenal cortical hormones essential for sodium and potassium regulation is? a. Progesterone. b. Epinephrine and norepinephrine. c. Cortisol d. Androgens. e. Aldosterone. 8-Which of the following statements concerning adrenocortical hormones is INCORRECT? a. Mineralocorticoids are essential for life. b. They all combine with intracellular receptors. c. They are all controlled primarily by ACTH. d. They are all derived from cholesterol. e. They are all steroids. 9-An increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to: a. Increased glucagon levels. b. Increased plasma cortisol levels. c. Increased plasma epinephrine levels. d. Increased plasma parathyroid hormone levels. e. Increased plasma vasopressin levels. 10-The most important hormone in keeping normal K+ concentration in the body: a. Cortisol. b. Vasopressin. c. Insulin. d. Aldosterone. 11-Wrong about ACTH: a. Secreted when the median eminence is stimulated. b. Its secretion is affected by aldosterone. c. Is a polypeptide d. Increases the release of cortisol. 12-which of the following doesn’t stimulate ALDOSTERONE: a. Potassium b. ACTH c. Sodium d. Renin 13-Cortisol has permissive effect with glucagon in: a. Gluconeogenesis. b. Glycogenolysis. c. Lipolysis. d. Vasoconstriction 14-inhibition of the production of one of the following will lead to hypotension (if severe enough, fatal): a. Insulin. b. Thyroxin. c. Angiotensin II. d. Cortisol. e. ACTH. 15-Cholesterol gives rise to all of the following EXCEPT a. Aldosterone. b. Catecholamines. c. Estrogen. d. Progesterone. e. Testosterone. 16-Which of the following hormones is the most essential to life a. Thyroid Hormone. b. Aldosterone. c. Calcitonin. d. Epinephrine. e. Vasopressin. 17-Which hormone lead to hypertension? a. Angiotensin 2. b. Insulin. c. Glucagon. d. Thyroid hormone. 18-Which one of the following Inhibits ACTH release: a. Cortisol. b. Aldosterone. c. Insulin. d. Thyroid hormone. 19-Wrong about angiotensin II? a. A maximal amount of aldosterone is needed for fluid balance. b. Is the main stimulus of aldosterone. c. Angiotensin I produces angiotensin II under the effect of enzyme/ hormone from the lungs. d. Affects the reabsorption of sodium directly and indirectly. 20-Wrong about direct cortisol functions: a. Glycogenolysis. b. Gluconeogenesis. c. Fat mobilization. d. CNS function. 21-Primary aldosterone stimulator: a. Angiotensin II. b. Changes in plasma potassium. c. ACTH. d. TSH. 22-Main site of action for aldosterone? a. Proximal tubule. b. Distal tubule. c. Collecting tubules. d. Loop of Henle. 23- All of the following apply to glucocorticoid except: a. Antidiuretic effect. b. Gluconeogenesis. c. Support vascular response. d. Fat mobilization. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 D C D A C B E C 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 B D B C B C B B 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 A A A A A C A --- lec.2+3 1-A patient with parathyroid deficiency 10 days after thyroidectomy will show a. Increased muscular excitability, high plasma Ca and bone resorption. b. High plasma phosphate, high plasma Ca++ and bone resorption. c. High plasma Ca++, high level of active vitamin D and tetanus. d. A low plasma phosphate, high plasma Ca levels and tetanus. e. A low plasma Ca levels, increased muscular excitability. 2- Which of the following is not involved in regulation of plasma Ca++ levels a. Thyroid. b. Small intestine. c. Skin. d. Lungs. e. Kidneys. 3- Which of the following statements concerning parathyroid hormone's (PTH) actions is INCORRECT? a. An elevated plasma calcium acts directly on the parathyroid gland to stimulate PTH secretion. b. PTH helps the kidneys excrete excess phosphate from the body. c. PTH promotes localized dissolution of bone by stimulating osteoclasts. d. PTH promotes the rapid movement of Ca from the bone fluid into the plasma. e. PTH stimulates the reabsorption of Ca from the kidney. 4- Low blood glucose level typically results in the secretion of all of the following EXCEPT: a. Cortisol. b. Glucagon. c. Growth hormone. d. PTH. e. Thyroxin (T4). 5- Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative EXCEPT: a. Epinephrine. b. Melatonin. c. Norepinephrine. d. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). e. Thyroxin (T4). 6- Regarding the thyroid hormones; a. They decrease the basal metabolic rate. b. They are lipid soluble steroid hormones. c. T4 is four time more active than T3. d. In the serum most of the thyroid hormones are in the free form. e. After birth they stimulate development of the central nervous system. 7-Hyperthyrodism can be due to all of the following EXCEPT a. Lack of iodine. b. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin. c. TOO much T4 or T3. d. TOO much TRH. e. TOO much TSH. 8- Which of the following hormones enhances the formation of the active form of vitamin D? a. Aldosterone. b. Calcitonin. c. Cortisol. d. Parathyroid hormone. e. Thyroxin. 9- Which one of the following about osteoporosis is not true: a. The most common of all bone diseases in adults specially in old age b. Occurs in females only. c. It results from diminished organic matrix rather than abnormal bone calcification. d. Lack of physical stress on the bone because of inactivity one of the causes of osteoporosis. e. It is a different disease from osteomalacia. 10- Which one of the following factors is the most important in the production of 1,25 (OH)2-D from 25 (OH)D in the kidney: a. Low plasma Ca++ level. b. Low plasma phosphate level. c. PTH. d. Insulin. e. GH. 11- Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning PTH, calcitonin & vitamin D? a. Vitamin D deficiency is the cause of rickets. b. PTH is the most important hormone in the control of calcium metabolism. c. Both calcitonin & PTH are produced in the follicle cells of the thyroid gland. d. Vitamin D is actually a hormone that increases calcium absorption in the intestine. e. Parathyroid hormone is essential for life. 12- The most abundant product secreted from the thyroid gland is ——— & the most potent thyroid secretory product is ——— a. T4, T4. b. T3, T4. c. T4, T3. d. T4, MIT. e. DIT, T3. 13- Calcitonin has which of the characteristics? a. It stimulates the action of osteoclasts. b. Its absence or its excess can be fatal. c. The blood iron level directly controls the secretion of calcitonin. d. It helps maintain the homeostasis of calcium & phosphate in the blood. e. It is produced by the parathyroid glands. 14- Which of the following biochemical events does NOT take place within the thyroid gland during hormone synthesis? a. Four iodine molecules combine with one tyrosine molecule to form one tetraiodothyronine molecule. b. Two iodine molecules combine with one tyrosine molecule to form one diiodotyrosine molecule. c. Two diiodotyrosine molecules combine to form one molecule of thyroxine. d. One monoiodotyrosine molecule combines with one diiodotyrosine molecule to form one triiodothyronine molecule. e. Iodide recycling occurs within the thyroid follicular cell. 15- Which of the following hormones is very important during early development of the nervous system? a. Growth hormone. b. Thyroid hormone. c. Cortisol. d. Parathyroid hormone. e. None of the above are correct. 16- Iodine is necessary for the formation of a. ACTH. b. Calcitonin. c. Cortisol. d. Insulin. e. Thyroid hormone. 17- Which one of the following about the T4 is FALSE: a. Is quantitatively the major precursor of T3. b. Is formed by condensation of 2 iodinated tyrosine. c. Binds directly to DNA in the nucleus of target cells. d. Is bound to protein in the plasma. e. Has one-week half-life. 18- Which one of the following hormones is least important in bone formation and Ca metabolism: a. PTH. b. Aldosterone. c. 1,25 - dihydroxycholecalciferol. d. GH. e. Insulin. 19- Which one of the following about T3 is NOT TRUE? a. Is converted into rT3 in some conditions. b. Is made up of two iodinated tyrosine molecules. c. Mainly produced from T4. d. The most active hormone of thyroid gland. e. Very little produced from thyroid gland. 20- Which one of the following hormones most probably is least secreted during stressful conditions? a. Cortisol. b. Prolactin. c. G.H. d. Somatostatin. e. Thyroxine. 21- The following hormones counteract the hypoglycemic effect of insulin EXCEPT: a. Thyroxine. b. Growth hormone. c. Glucagon. d. Cortisol. e. Adrenaline. 22- The hormone that aids in determining the Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a. Estrogen. b. Thyroid hormone. c. Insulin. d. Epinephrine. e. Testosterone. 23- Dwarfism & mental retardation may be the result of a deficiency of a. Growth-hormone releasing hormone. b. GH. c. Somatomedins. d. Thyroid hormones. e. Adrenaline hormone. 24- Hormone that has receptor in almost all cells: a. Adrenocorticotropin. b. Thyroxin. c. Parathyroid. d. TSH. e. LH. 25- One of the following hormones is not correctly linked to its actions: (x = effective, -- = not effective) 26- One of these hormones when present in excessive amounts results in protein catabolism: a. Insulin. b. GH. c. T3. d. IGF-1. e. PRL. 27- Where is 1,25 (OH)D produced from: a. Liver. b. Kidney. c. Skin. d. Stomach 28- Choose the wrong sentence: a. Ca, Mg and phosphate are not important. b. Vitamin D is the major regulator for Ca. c. Calcitonin decreases Ca blood level d. Alkalosis decreases free calcium levels. 29- Which pair of the following hormones is the most potent activator of the synthesis of 1,24-(OH)2 vit D3. a. GH & PRL. b. GH & insulin. c. PRL & insulin. d. PTH, low P. e. PTH, low Ca +2. 30- About Ca+2 metabolism, which one is Not True: a. PTH and vit D has synergistic effect. b. Calcitonin reduces (Ca) Level. c. PTH and vit D has the same effect. 31-Which is false about the thyroid: a. Iodine deficiency doesn't cause goiter b. Thyroid hormones are amino acid derivatives. 32- Which is false about T4: a. It acts more rapidly than T3. b. T4 has longer half-life than T3 33-Which is true about thyroglobulin: a. Contains MIT & DIT. b. glycoprotein produced by the follicular cells of the parathyroid gland 34-True about Thyroxin synthesis: a. Iodide (I-) is oxidized to Iodine (I2) b. One tyrosine can carry 3 iodine molecules maximum. 35-What happens to most of T4? a. Converted to T3 b. Converted to reverse T3 36- which of the following does not occur in thyroid hormone synthesis: a. 4 molecules of iodine bind to one molecule of tyrosine to form tetraiodothyronine b. When one MIT binds with DIT, they produceT3 c. When two DIT bind with each other, they produce T4 37-True about T3: a. promotes growth b. contains 2 iodine molecules 38- Not a symptom of hyperparathyroidism a. tetany b. softening of the bones 39-Not made in the liver a. calcitonin b. 25(OH)D 40- Wrong about Vit. D: a. making ergocalciferol is sufficient for humans b. 1,25(OH) D is the most potent form 41-Wrong about calcitonin? a. Deficiency causes hypercalcemia but hypersecretion doesn’t cause hypocalcemia b. Produced by thyroid 42-Wrong about endocrine: a. anterior pituitary hormone directly inhibits parathyroid b. hypothalamus regulates anterior pituitary gland hormones ANSWERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 E D A D D E A D B C C C D A 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 B E C B A E A B D B D C B A 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 D C A A A A A A A A A A A A lec.4+5 1- All of the following regulate the excretion of K+ by the kidney EXCEPT ONE a. Aldosterone. b. ADH. c. Insulin. d. Acid-base balance. e. [Na+] of tubular fluid. 2-Which of the following about the dehydration effects in insulin deficiency is NOT true: a. Osmotic pressure of tubular fluid increases. b. Cellular dehydration occurs. c. Both ECF and ICF dehydration develops. d. Osmotic diuresis occurs. e. Tubular reabsorption of fluid increases. 3-Which of the following is NOT produced by the exocrine part of the pancreas? a. Amylase. b. Carboxypeptidase. c. Lipase. d. Somatostatin. e. Trypsinogen. 4-Which of the following characterizes type I but not type II diabetes mellitus? a. Hyperglycemia. b. Lack of insulin. c. Polyuria & polydipsia. d. Can usually be successfully managed by dietary control & weight reduction without the necessity of insulin injections. e. Lack of insulin necessary. 5-The renal threshold in diabetic patients is about: a. 120 mg/100 ml plasma. b. 150 mg/100 ml plasma. c. 180 mg/100 ml plasma. d. 220 mg/100 ml plasma. e. 250 mg/100 ml plasma. 6-Which one of the following about obesity is TRUE: a. Obesity is the most common and most expensive nutritional problem in the industrialized world specifically in the U.S.A. b. A convenient and reliable indicator of body fat is the (PMI). c. (EMI) is the body weight (in Kg) divided by the square of the height (in meters). d. Values above 25 are abnormal, individuals with values of 25-30 are overweight, and those with values > 30 are obese. e. All of the above. 7-Type-1 diabetes mellitus is different from type-2 in all of the following EXCEPT a. Plasma insulin level. b. Plasma glucose level. c. Insulin sensitivity. d. Age of onset. e. Body weight (normally). 8-Regarding urine in a normal person in a regular diet, all the following are true EXCEPT: a. Contains glucose and protein. b. Contains urea and creatinine. c. Does not contain inulin. d. Is acidic. e. Is hyperosmolar. 9-Which one of the following hormones is hypoglycemic a. Growth hormone b. Glucagon. c. Epinephrine. d. Insulin. e. Cortisol. 10-Which one of the following is the MOST important hyperglycemic hormone? a. Growth. b. Cortisol. c. Glucagon. d. Adrenaline. e. Thyroxine. 11-In which of the following tissues insulin DOES NOT facilitate glucose uptake a. Cardiac muscle. b. Smooth muscle. c. Leucocytes (WBCs). d. Erythrocytes (RBCs). e. Pituitary. 12-Choose the Wrong pair: a. Epinephrine: increased glycogenolysis in skeletal. b. Progesterone: increased glucose in plasma. c. GH: increased glucose in plasma. d. Glucagon: increased gluconeogenesis. e. Insulin: increased protein synthesis. 13-correct about insulin independent diabetes: a. Insulin is normal or above normal. b. Atrophy of beta cells of pancreas. c. Insulin is below normal level. 14-Wrong about glucose homeostasis: a. Cortisol and GH aren’t coupled to the absorptive/post-absorptive process. b. Excessive amounts of hormones in c, i.e. GH and glucagon, don’t affect glucose level. 15-Which of the following doesn’t happen in patient with diabetes: a. Diabetic coma could be caused by dehydration. b. Increased osmotic diuresis. c. Increased tubular reabsorption. d. Increased ECF volume. e. Increased ECF and ICF volume. 16-What is the action that needs the least amount of insulin hormone? a. Inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. b. Lipolysis inhibition. c. Stimulation of amino acid uptake. 17-Wrong about type 2 diabetes mellitus a. Not limited to obesity and the limited cause. b. Treatment being similar to DM1. 18-Constant glucose level to? a. Brain. b. Liver. c. Muscles. 19-True about insulin a. Requirement increases in obesity. b. It is a polypeptide containing 4 peptide chains. c. It is a hyperglycemic hormone. 20-True about DM? a. Type 2 are usually obese and have a family history of the disease. b. Type 1 is insulin independent. c. Blood glucose is decreased in type 1 while it is increased in type 2. 21-Wrong about DM? a. Type 2 has peripheral resistance which involves. b. Decreased glucose uptake by skeletal muscles and brain tissue. c. Type 1 usually affects children 22-Is not raised in severely uncontrolled DM a. Blood volume. b. Glucose. c. Glucagon. 23-Regulates potassium within normal range a. Insulin. b. Glucagon. c. Leptin. 24-What is the concentration of glucose in diabetic patients? a. 300. b. 100. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C E D B C E B A D C D B 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 A B C B B A A A B A A A