University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
BIO 303 | Human Physiology
Academic year:

2021
Views:

37

Pages:

9
Author:

agatoary6zt

Contraception I. Male contraception: 1. Behavioral 2. Mechanical (e.g. condoms) ± spermicidal agent (nonoxynol-9) 3. Drugs Estrogens; progestins; danazol; GnRH agonists & antagonists; spermicidal agents; gossypol 4. Surgical procedures e.g. vasectomy II. Female contraception: 1. Behavioral 2. Mechanical Diaphrams; condoms ± spermicidal agents; IUD’s ± progestins (progestasert) 3. Drugs - Estrogen alone Morning after pill or postcoital pill Ethinylestradiol; DES; mestranol….. ×5 - Progesterone alone The minipill * Norethisteron... Tab * I.M medroxyprogesterone Depo-provera (effect lasts in 3-6 months) * Subdermal progesterone implants Levonorgesrel (effect lasts in 5-6 years) 4. Sequential Estrogen followed by progesterone 5. Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP’s) ethinylestradiol or mestranol + Norgestrel ethinylestradiol or mestranol + Norethisterone * Estrogen + progesterone in different ratios (lowest E highest P to achieve the lowest or zero failure rate) ◼ MOA of OCP’s: - Inhibition of ovulation (major mechanism) At the level of the pituitary - ↑ viscosity of cervical mucus - Change in Fallopian tube motility OCP’s side effects: - Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, migraine, nervousness, depression - Salt & water retention → ↑ BP - Thromboembolic disease, embolism, MI - Vaginal yeast growth - Postpill amenorrhea and infertility ◼ OCP’s contraindications: - History of thromboembolic disease - Severe headache - Severe nausea & vomiting - Liver dysfunction - Pregnancy - Abnormal menstrual cycles ◼ OCP’s drug-drug interactions: - Drugs inhibiting enterohepatic circulation Ampicillin; cephalosporins; teracyclines; sulfonamides; co-trimoxazole - Drugs ↑ metabolism Phenobarbitone; phenytoin; ethosuximide; rifampicin; griseofulvin… - Miscellaneous interactions + anticoagulants →↓ activity of anticoag. + insulin → ↑ insulin need ◼

Contraception

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