University:
Loyola University Chicago
Course:
PSYC101 | General Psychology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

142

Pages:

3
Author:

Malik Yu

Social Psychology Is… - The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people Strong inspiration from real-world events and implications for everyday life Much of social psychological research is experimental ● Looking at cause and effect relationships - The need to belong ● Basic drive to form and maintain interpersonal relationships ○ Lasting & positive ○ Satisfy this need by joining groups ● Ostracism: deliberate exclusion from groups Social Facilitation - Social Facilitation: The improved performance on tasks done in the presence of others Tasks must be simple or well-learned, otherwise we experience social impairment ● Writing complex essays vs. simple multiplication problems Social Loafing - Social Loafing: The tendency to exert less effort in a group setting than when held individually accountable ● Can affect overall group performance - When do we loaf? ● Larger groups ● When your contribution is not rewarded or punished ● When you get an equal share of the rewards ● You feel your contributions are not needed Teamwork - Combine knowledge, skill, resources 2 key aspects to success: ● Shared mental model: understanding (cognitive representation) of the task, members and team dynamic, resources ● Group cohesion: solidarity, unity of group; shared commitment; strong interpersonal bonds - Group polarization effect: ● strengthening of views after discussion or interaction ● Discussion among like-minded people strengthened preexisting attitudes ● Riskier decisions made after group discussion ○ Risky-shift effect Group Decision Making - Groupthink: when the desire for harmony within a group suppresses dissension ● Cohesion (conformity pressure) ● Isolation ● Biased leadership ● Decisional stress - Common knowledge effect: tendency for groups to spend more time discussing shared information and less time discussing unshared information Conformity - Adjusting behavior and/or thinking to fit with a group standard Normal social influence: ● going along with others in pursuit of social approval or belonging (and to avoid disapproval / rejection) ● Solomon Asch studies in conformity - Informational social influence: ● Going along with others because the evidence in our social environment changes our minds (their ideas and behavior make sense) - Descriptive norms: perception of what most people do in a given situation ● Determine which behavior is appropriate in a given situation ● How people will respond to those who violate norms Obedience - Obedience: behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority ● Changing thinking or behavior in response to explicit demand ● Authority figure - Milgram’s Studies ● Learner vs. teacher ○ When learner responded incorrectly he “received” a shock ● Individual differences and situational factors can affect obedience ○ Obedience declines when: ■ The learner was in the same room as the teacher ■ The teacher had to physically touch the learner ■ The participant thought command to continue was from another participant and not an authority figure ● Ethical concerns? ● Conclusion: Ordinary people may do horrible things if ordered to do so by an authority

Social Psychology Lecture Note

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