Introduction to Psychology Review Questions

Introduction to Psychology Review Questions 1. Who was the founder of psychoanalysis? A. Karen Horney B. Alfred Adler C. Sigmund Freud D. Abraham Maslow 2. Of the following theorists, who is NOT associated with psychodynamic theory? A. Carl Jung B. Carl Rogers C. Alfred Adler D. Karen Horney 3. Which personality structure did Freud believe was responsible for creating defense mechanisms? A. denial B. id C. Ego D. superego 4. In which stage of psychosexual development is the Oedipus complex thought to occur? A. oral B. genital C. anal D. phallic 5. Which of the following, from earliest to latest, is the correct ordering of the psychosexual stages of development? A. oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency period, genital stage B. anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, phallic stage, latency period C. oral stage, latency period, anal stage, genital stage, phallic stage D. latency period, anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, phallic stage6. Which theorist developed the idea of the collective unconscious? A. Carl Rogers B. Sigmund Freud C. Carl Jung D. Alfred Adler7. What does reciprocal determinism mean? A. The id, ego, and superego all work together to minimize a person’s anxiety. B. Personality traits interact with unconscious processes to create enduring behavioral patterns. C. Early childhood experiences shape the way people will behave for the remainder of their lives. D. Person/cognitive factors, behavior, and the environment all interact to determine a person’s personality. 8. Which theorist is most closely associated with the social cognitive approach? A. Carl Rogers B. Henry Murray C. Carl Jung D. Albert Bandura 9. Which theorist stressed the importance of self-actualization? A. Alfred Adler B. Carl Jung C. Abraham Maslow D. Gordon Allport 10. Carl Rogers believed that a healthy person has A. self-actualization. B. strong ego defenses. C. hardiness. D. unconditional positive regard. 11. Psychologists who study personality investigate A. the organization of sensation into a meaningful interpretation. B. relatively permanent changes in behavior due to experience. C. the enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving of individuals. D. the pleasantness or sociability of an individual. 12. Freud considered ________ to be the primary motivating force of human behavior. A. the conscious B. self-actualization C. rewards and punishments D. the unconscious 13. Which of the following is a defense mechanism that involves pushing threatening impulses out of conscious awareness? A. Thanatos B. sublimation C. fixation D. repression 14. Trait theories of personality A. take a more optimistic view of human nature than humanistic psychologists do. B. focus on the role of the unconscious. C. examine personal characteristics that are stable across situations. D. state that situational factors override personal characteristics. 15. Alex is shy and keeps to himself most of the time. Alex would score low on what trait? A. Agreeableness B. Neuroticism C. Openness D. Extraversion 16. The ________ approach to personality places emphasis on conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals. A. trait B. social-cognitive C. humanistic D. psychodynamic 17. Self-report personality tests A. rely on a professional's diagnosis or opinion. B. are based on behavioral observation. C. ask the test taker to interpret ambiguous stimuli. D. directly ask the test-taker to respond to statements about himself or herself. 18. Sam's therapist administered the Rorschach inkblot test during their last session. Sam completed a(n) ________ test of personality. A. observational B. projective C. self-report D. empirically keyed 19. Dr. Drust asks his client Nairi to complete a test that will help him pinpoint the type of depression she has and which personality characteristics may be contributing to her problem. The test consists of 567 true and false questions and addresses attitudes and emotions, behaviors and symptoms, and life history. Dr. Drust has given Nairi the A. Rorschach Inkblot Test. B. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). C. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). D. NEO-PI.20. Good psychological and physical health are more common among people who are A. high on the traits of extraversion and conscientiousness, and low on neuroticism. B. high on the traits of openness to experience and neuroticism, and low on the trait of extraversion. C. high on the traits of conscientiousness and neuroticism, and low on the trait of openness to experience. D. high on the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. 21. Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social grace. She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets regardless of whether the setting is the classroom, her workplace, a restaurant, or her own home. Based on this information and relying on the FiveFactor Model, we can say that she would be MOST likely to score high in A. agreeableness. B. openness. C. conscientiousness. D. neuroticism. 22. While Layne’s friends enjoy her sense of humor and warmth, they are often frustrated by her inability to get places on time. Worse, she rarely calls to say she will be late, and sometimes she doesn’t show up at all. She hates to commit to anything beforehand and seems to make decisions based on her moods, regardless of how those behaviors might affect others. Based on this information and relying on the Five Factor Model, we can say that Layne would be MOST likely to score low in A. agreeableness. B. openness. C. conscientiousness. D. neuroticism