Basics of Biblical Greek Chapters 15-20 Review 4 Track 1

Chapters 15 - 20 Review #4 Ð Track 1 Grammar 1. 2. Define the following three aspects, clearly differentiating among them. a. Continuous aspect describes the action of the verb as an ongoing process. E.g., ÒThe car was slowing down.Ó b. Undefined aspect describes the action of the verb as a simple event, without commenting on whether or not it is a process. Undefined aspect gives the minimum amount of information about the action of a verb. E.g., ÒThe car slowed down.Ó c. Punctiliar aspect describes the action of a verb as occurring at a single point of time. E.g., ÒThe car hit the brick wall.Ó Punctiliar aspect is the opposite of continuous aspect. Punctiliar aspect is a category of English grammar, not of Greek grammar. Write out the twelve forms of luvw, present active and passive. Present Active 1st sg luvw 1st pl luvomen 2nd sg luveiV 2nd pl luvete 3rd sg luvei 3rd pl luvousi(n) Present Passive 3. 1st sg luvomai 1st pl luovmeqa 2nd sg luvh/ 2nd pl luvesqe 3rd sg luvetai 3rd pl luvontai Write out the Master Verb Chart Tense Aug/" Tense stem Redup Tense" Conn. formative vowel Personal endings First singular Pres act pres o / e prim act luvw Pres mid/pas pres o / e prim mid/pas luvomai Future act fut act s o / e prim act luvsw Liquid future act fut act es o / e prim act menw: Future mid fut act s o / e prim mid/pas poreuvsomai !45 46 ! 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Review #4 What are ÒThe Big FiveÓ contraction rules? a. ou is formed by eo, oe, and oo. b. ei is formed by ee. c. w is formed by almost any combination of omicron or omega with any other vowel, except for rule ÒaÓ above. d. a is formed from ae. e. h is formed from ea. What vowels form the following contractions? a. ei ↞ e+e b. ei ↞ e + ei c. a ↞ a + e (or a + a, or a + h) d. ou ↞ o+o e. ou ↞ o+e f. ou ↞ e+o g. w ↞ a + w (or a + o, e + w, o + w, w + a, o + a, w + e, or w + o) How do you form the following English tenses with the verb ÒeatÓ? a. Present active continuous Ð Òis eating.Ó b. Present passive punctiliar Ð Òis eaten.Ó Define what a ÒdeponentÓ verb is and give one example. ¥ A deponent verb is middle or passive in form, but active in meaning. ¥ E.g., e[rcomai is middle or passive in form, since it uses the middle/passive personal ending mai, and its meaning ÒI comeÓ is active. Write out the ÒSquare of Stops,Ó and what happens to each class of stop when followed by a sigma. Unvoiced Voiced Aspirate +s Labial p b f y Velar k g c x Dental t d q s What is the difference between a verbal ÒrootÓ and ÒstemÓ? ¥ A verb has one root1 and six tense stems2 that are derived from the root. ¥ A stem is the form of the root in a particular tense. The connecting vowel, personal endings, and other pieces of a verb are added on to the tense stem rather than on to the root. 1 2 There are a few verbs that have multiple roots. See question 10 part (c) below. Some verbs do not occur in certain tenses, and therefore lack the corresponding tense stems. Review #4 ¥ 10. ! 47 Mounce always prefaces the root with an asterisk. E.g., *lu What are the three basic ways in which tense stems are formed from verbal roots? a. b. c. Pattern 1: Root not modified. ¥ Therefore, the present tense stem = verbal root. ¥ E.g., luvw uses the present tense stem lu, which is the verbal root *lu. Pattern 2: Root modified regularly ¥ Therefore, the present tense stem is the verbal root modified according to some pattern ¥ E.g., bavllw uses the present tense stem ball, which is derived from the verbal root *bal by adding a second lambda. Pattern 3: Different roots ¥ These verbs fit under one of the above two patterns, but use different roots to form different tense stems. ¥ E.g., ejrcomai uses the present tense stem ejrc, which is the same as one of the verbÕs roots *ejrc. But the future tense stem of e[rcomai is ejleuq, which is the same as another of the verbÕs roots *ejleuq. Parsing 1. ajkouvete ajkouvw Second Person Plural Present Active Indicative Òyou (plural) are hearingÓ 2. ajkouvseiV ajkouvw Second Person Singular Future Active Indicative Òyou (singular) will hearÓ 3. poreuvetai poreuvomai Third Person Singular Present Deponent Indicative Òhe/she/it is goingÓ 4. ou{stinaV o{stiV Accusative Plural Masculine ÒwhomeverÓ 5. zhvsousin zavw Third Person Plural Future Active Indicative Òthey will liveÓ 6. throu:mai threvw First Person Singular Present Middle, or " Passive Indicative ÒI am keeping for myself / I am being keptÓ 7. gnwvsetai ginwvskw Third Person Singular Future Deponent Indicative Òhe/she/it will knowÓ 8. e[sontai eijmiv Third Person Plural Future Middle Deponent Indicative Òthey will beÓ 9. ajgapw:men ajgapavw First Person Plural Present Active Indicative Òwe are lovingÓ 10. blevyetai blevpw Third Person Singular Future Middle Indicative Òhe/she/it will seeÓ 11. lalw: lalevw First Person Singular Present Active Indicative ÒI am speakingÓ 12. o[yh/ oJravw Second Person Singular Future Deponent Indicative Òyou (singular) will seeÓ 13. plhroi¾ plhrovw Third Person Singular Present Active Indicative Òhe/she/it is ÞllingÓ, or" Second Person Singular Present Middle or Passive Indicative Òyou are Þlling for yourselfÓ or Òyou are being ÞlledÓ 14. swvsw sw/vzw First Person Singular Future Active Indicative ÒI will saveÓ Translation: John 12:27-36 12:27 Now my soul has been troubled, and what can I say? ÔFather, save me from this hourÕ? But for this reason I came to this hour. 12:28 Father, glorify your name!Ó Then a voice came from heaven, ÒI have both glorified it and I will also glorify it again.Ó 12:29 Then the crowd that was standing and hearing was saying that it was thunder. And others were 48 ! Review #4 saying that an angel had spoken to him. 12:30 Jesus answered and said, ÒThis voice came not for my sake but for yours. 12:31 Now judgment is on this world; now the ruler of this world will be cast out. 12:32 And if I am lifted up from the world, I will draw all people to myself.Ó 12:33 He was saying this, signifying what sort of death he was about to die. 12:34 The crowd then answered him, ÒWe have heard from the law that the Christ remains into eternity; how are you saying that it is necessary for the Son of Man to be lifted up? Who is this Son of Man?Ó 12:35 Then Jesus said to them, ÒThe light is among you for a little while longer. Walk as long as you have the light, in order that darkness will not overtake you. The one walking in the darkness does not know where he is going. 12:36 As long as you have the light, believe in the light, in order that you might be sons of the light.Ó!